There Are No Nonresponders to Resistance-Type Exercise Training in Older Men and Women

Churchward‐Venne, Tyler A.; Tieland, Michael; Verdijk, Lex B.; Leenders, Marika; Dirks, Marlou L.; Groot, Lisette C. P. G. M. de; Loon, Luc J. C. van

doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2015.01.071

Cited by 222 publications

(178 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…One can only speculate as to whether these 'responders' may still have been considered responders if other health-related outcomes had been evaluated. Another report concluded that non-responsiveness to months of resistance training was not apparent since every participant experienced a positive adaptive response in at least one training outcome [8]. In this case, the term 'non-responder' is more about semantics since the authors demonstrate a non-response in some of the chosen response variables (e.g.…”

Section: Does Non-response To Exercise Actually Exist?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While age is an important endogenous factor when considering exercise non-response, the type and duration of exercise may equally matter in the context of ageing. Recent studies report no sexspecific differences in the expression of substrate metabolism genes and fibre type following acute bouts of exercise and short-term interventions [8,17], although one study reported that women exhibited a significantly greater magnitude of exercise-induced upregulation in proteins related to muscle metabolism [18]. As such, the influence of sex on adaptive responses of skeletal muscle metabolism to exercise continues to be debated.…”

Section: Endogenous Factors As Drivers Of Non-response To Exercisementioning

confidence: 99%

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Exercise training response heterogeneity: physiological and molecular insights

Sparks

2017

Diabetologia

114

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The overall beneficial effects of exercise are well studied, but why some people do not respond favourably to exercise is less understood. The National Institutes of Health Common Fund has recently launched the large-scale discovery project 'Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity in Humans' to examine the physiological and molecular (i.e. genetic, epigenetic, lipidomic, metabolomic, proteomic, etc.) responses to exercise training. A nationwide, multicentre clinical trial such as this one also provides a unique opportunity to robustly investigate the non-response to exercise in thousands of individuals that have undergone supervised aerobic-and resistance-based exercise training interventions. The term 'non-responder' is used here to address the lack of a response (to an exercise intervention) in an outcome specified a priori. Cardiorespiratory fitness (V O 2peak ) as an exercise response variable was recently reviewed; thus, this review focuses on metabolic aspects of the non-response to exercise training. Integrated -omics platforms are discussed as an approach to disentangle the complicated relationships between endogenous and exogenous factors that drive the lack of a response to exercise in some individuals. Harnessing the power of combined -omics platforms with deep clinical phenotyping of human study participants will advance the field of exercise metabolism and shift the paradigm, allowing exercise interventions to be targeted at those most likely to benefit and identifying novel approaches to treat those who do not. What is a non-response?From a statistical perspective, a non-response is the lack of a difference between a control and a treatment condition with respect to a specific variable. A physiological non-response, however, is likely driven by genetic code and the mechanisms by which it is transcribed, translated and post-translationally modified. Drug resistance is an archetype of non-response that links physiology with genetics. For example, some individuals are 'rapid' or 'slow' metabolisers of a prescribed drug based solely on their genetic predispositions, and simple DNA tests can now identify these at-risk populations (reviewed in [1]). Combination drug therapy for initial non-response, acquired resistance or adverse response is usually the next course of action; therefore, tailoring treatment to the genetic code is a viable strategy for some diseases and conditions. Response heterogeneity is not unique to pharmaceutical therapies; lifestyle interventions, such as dietary weight loss and exercise, have also been linked to physiological, genetic and epigenetic factors. Differences in energy efficiency are important physiological regulators of body weight and Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-017-4461-6) contains a slide of the figure for download, which is available to authorised users. * Lauren M. Sparks

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Section: Does Non-response To Exercise Actually Exist?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Endogenous Factors As Drivers Of Non-response To Exercisementioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise training response heterogeneity: physiological and molecular insights

Sparks

2017

Diabetologia

114

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“…Similarly, another recent meta-analysis [25] also showed gains in muscle size in all 15 included studies, being higher loads improvements better than light to moderate program (11% vs. 9%). Churchward-Venne et al [26] have recently demonstrated after a resistance-type exercise training that lean mass increased by 0.9 ± 0.1 kg (p < 0.001) from 0 to 12 weeks, reinforcing the idea that this kind of intervention can promote significant changes in body lean mass. Probably these changes occurred due to the fact that there was greater muscular stimulation, increasing the demand for fiber recruitment [27 -29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Effect of a resistance exercise program for sarcopenic elderly women: quasi-experimental study

et al. 2018

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Introduction: Resistance training is quoted as one of the best pathways to manage sarcopenia and progressive resistance training is supposed to improve muscle mass, strength and performance in older adults. Objective: The aim was to examine the impact of a progressive resistance exercise program (PREP) on muscle and function performance in sarcopenic community-dwelling elder women. Methods: Quasiexperimental study (pre -post intervention). Participated 18 sarcopenic community-dwelling elder women (65 years or older). PREP based on 75% of the participant's maximum load (12/wk, 3 times/wk). Main * JUV: PhD, e-mail: joana_ude@yahoo.com.br JMDD: PhD, e-mail: jmdd@eeffto.ufmg.com PPB: Doctoral student, e-mail: patriciaparreira@gmail.com SLAS: PhD, e-mail: silviafisiojf@yahoo.com.br RCD: PhD, e-mail: rcd@ufmg.br LPL: PhD, e-mail: llustosa@ufmg.br Fisioter Mov. 2018;31:e003111 Viana JU, Dias JMD, Batista PP, Silva SLA, Dias RC, Lustosa LP. 2 outcome measures: muscle strength of knee extensors (isokinetic dynamometry), muscle mass (dual-x ray absorptiometry -DXA), functional performance (Short Physical Performance Battery -SPPB). Paired t-test was used to evaluate differences pre and post intervention. Results: Improvements on power (p = 0.01) and peak torque (p = 0.01) were observed when measured by the isokinetic dynamometer at low speed (60º/s). Improvements on DXA (pre PREP: 5.49 kg/m2 vs. post PREP: 6.01 kg/m2; p = 0.03) and SPPB scores (pre PREP: 9.06 vs. post PREP: 10.28; p = 0.01) were also observed. Conclusion: The PREP was able to improve muscle and functional performance in sarcopenic community-dwelling elder women. This program should be considered in clinical practice. DXA (5,49 kg/m2 vs. 6,01 kg/m2; p = 0,03) e melhora nos escores do SPPB (9,06 vs. 10,28; p = 0,01 DXA (5,49 kg/m² vs. 6,01 kg/m², p = 0,03) y mejora en los escores del SPPB (9,06 vs. 10,28, p = 0,01 Keywords mais). PECP foi baseado em 75% de uma resistência máxima (12/semanas, 3 x/ semana). Medidas de desfecho: força muscular dos extensores de joelho (dinamômetro isocinético), massa muscular (dual-x ray absorptiometry -DXA), desempenho funcional (Short Physical Performance Battery -SPPB). Comparações pré-pós intervenção foi por meio do teste t-test pareado. Resultados: Houve aumento na potência (p = 0,01) e no torque (p = 0,01), observados nas medidas do isocinético em baixa velocidade (60º/s). Observou-se também aumento no

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“…It should also be noted that with increasing age, the effect of strength training on the parameters of hypertrophy decreases (Peterson et al, 2011). Some scientists thought that there were so-called "non-responders" among third-age person lifeforce trainees (Bamman, Petrella, Kim, Mayhew, & Cross, 2007); However, recent retrospective studies have found that, although there are signifi cant individual differences among respondents, the level of response and effects of training is directly dependent on the duration of intervention, with more positive effects in longer studies, thereby determining that there are no "non-responders" " (Churchward-Venne et al, 2015).…”

Section: Porast Bazalnog Metabolizmamentioning

confidence: 99%

Benefits of Strength Training for Elderly Women // Dobrobiti treninga snage za žene treće životne dobi

Stojanović¹,

Drid²,

Madić³

et al. 2018

SIZ

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The aging process is associated with loss of skeletal muscle mass and increase in intramuscular fat, the latter also defined as muscle attenuation. Muscle weakness, termed sarcopenia and dynapenia, is a normal age-related phenomenon, occurring at a rate of 1% to 5% annually from the age of 30. This rate means that given typical patterns of physical activity, a 70-year-old woman could have 50% to 70% less strength than she had at age 30. Contrary to long held beliefs, the muscles of elderly women (i.e. aged 65 years and older) continue to be adaptable, even into the extremes of old age, particularly if their muscles are significantly overloaded during training. Therefore, effective strengthening practices must be employed to maintain the highest level of function and achieve optimal aging in elderly women. Done regularly (2-3 times a week), strength training preserve bone density, independence and vitality with age. In addition, strength training also has the ability to reduce the risk of osteoporosis and the signs and symptoms of numerous chronic diseases such as heart disease, arthritis and type 2 diabetes, while also improving sleep and reducing depression. Finally, though muscle strength has been recognized as an important predictor for reduced functional performance, emerging evidence suggests that muscle power (the product of force time velocity or the rate of performing work) is highly effective to elicit substantial improvements in maximal mechanical muscle function (rapid force generation, muscle power and muscle strength) and in functional performance in old and very old women.

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There Are No Nonresponders to Resistance-Type Exercise Training in Older Men and Women

Cited by 222 publications

References 30 publications

Exercise training response heterogeneity: physiological and molecular insights

Exercise training response heterogeneity: physiological and molecular insights

Effect of a resistance exercise program for sarcopenic elderly women: quasi-experimental study

Benefits of Strength Training for Elderly Women // Dobrobiti treninga snage za žene treće životne dobi

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