Therapy for helpless monkeys

Rush, Douglas K.; Mineka, Susan; Suomi, Stephen J.

doi:10.1016/0005-7967(83)90212-7

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…It is well established that monkeys reared either in the wild or in captivity avoid snakes or snake-like objects 1–4 . However, studies have shown that some monkeys can overcome this fear behavior when the presence of snakes coincides with the presence of food 5 . This suggests that there may be considerable variability in monkeys’ fear responses to snakes, especially when fear behavior conflicts with foraging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innate fear responses are reflected in the blood epigenome of rhesus macaques

Bravo-Rivera

Lardenoije

Merced

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Fear and anxiety are complex physiological states aimed at promoting adaptive behaviors. They are also core symptoms of many neuropsychiatric disorders; yet, our knowledge of the underlying biological correlates remains fragmented. Non-human primate models are critical for our understanding of mechanisms associated with complex higher-order behavioral phenotypes. Here we investigated individual variations in innate fear responses to a snake stimulus in free-ranging rhesus macaques and discovered an unusual bimodal distribution of fearful and fearless behavior, likely as a result of an environmental insult by a hurricane. In a translational approach, we discovered a DNA methylation profile associated with fear behavior in these monkeys. We also found evidence that this epigenetic signature is associated with innate fear responses in humans in the form of acoustic startle. Our data highlight the importance and translational utility of non-human primate models for neuropsychiatric research and provide a potential epigenetic signature of innate fear.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innate fear responses are reflected in the blood epigenome of rhesus macaques

Bravo-Rivera

Lardenoije

Merced

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…This aligns with research on the remediation of LH deficits in nonhumans, which necessarily is experiential and does not involve verbal mediation. Some have demonstrated that teaching active escape responses to nonhumans through shaping (Maier & Testa, 1975) and prompting (Rush et al, 1983;Seligman et al, 1968) have been effective in remediating some deficits associated with exposure to IAS. One study demonstrated that extended exposure to an enriched environment (21 days) was effective in reducing LH deficits (Sifonios et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…102 Finally, non-humans have been shown to improve on their performance in escape tasks with shaping and prompting but not with exposure to escape extinction (Rush et al, 1983). This is an important finding to consider, as some have described the effective exposure treatments operating via extinction; however, studies on LH suggest extinction is unlikely to be the mechanism by which these treatments are effective.…”

Section: Interventions To Address Post-trauma Behavior Changementioning

confidence: 99%

An Evaluation of the Effects of Trauma-Related Stimuli on Behavior during Preference Assessments and Functional Analysis with People with Intellectual Disabilities

Houck

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People with intellectual disabilities (ID) face a high risk of experiencing adverse events including abuse, neglect, and serious medical issues. Access to effective interventions for people with moderate to severe ID is limited because of communication deficits that are characteristic of this population. Some of the negative effects of exposure to trauma for people with ID can include increases in problem behaviors. Behavior analysts have developed robust assessments and treatments to address these problem behaviors for people with ID; however, when these behaviors arise after a traumatic event, specialized assessments may be necessary to ensure effective treatment and decreased risk of re-traumatization. Specifically, if trauma-related stimuli (TRS) differentially affect preferences and functions of behavior, assessments of the effects of these stimuli may be critical to mitigate those effects. In my first experiment I found that TRS differentially affected behavior (including heartrate) during preferences assessments. In my second experiment I found that TRS differentially affected heartrate and the function of problem behavior for two of three participants. I discuss implications of these findings, including 1) that measuring some of the physiological effects of TRS using commercially available heart rate monitors could improve behavior analytic assessments for people with potential trauma histories; and 2) the presence of TRS can differentially affect the function of problem behavior in such a way that treatment plans developed and evaluated in either the presence or absence of TRS may be ineffective in the alternate setting.

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Clinical and biochemical aspects of depressive disorders: I. Introduction, classification, and research techniques

Caldecott-Hazard

Guze

Kling

et al. 1991

Synapse

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The present review focuses on recent data from clinical and animal research concerning the biochemical bases of depressive disorders, diagnosis, and treatment. In addition to integrating these data, problems and future directions in this research are discussed. The review is presented in three parts. This study, Part I, describes diagnostic classification schemes for depressive disorders, some epidemiological and biological correlates of the classifications, and research techniques for investigating depressive disorders. Research techniques include animal models, human biochemical techniques, and Positron Emission Tomography. In a future issue, Part II will discuss various transmitter/receptor theories of depressive disorders, e.g., noradrenergic, serotonergic, cholinergic, and dopaminergic, GABAergic, and peptidergic theories. Also in a future issue, Part III will discuss treatments for depression and some of the controversies in the field.

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Therapy for helpless monkeys

Cited by 4 publications

References 18 publications

Innate fear responses are reflected in the blood epigenome of rhesus macaques

Innate fear responses are reflected in the blood epigenome of rhesus macaques

An Evaluation of the Effects of Trauma-Related Stimuli on Behavior during Preference Assessments and Functional Analysis with People with Intellectual Disabilities

Clinical and biochemical aspects of depressive disorders: I. Introduction, classification, and research techniques

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