Therapeutic Use of Extracellular Vesicles for Acute and Chronic Lung Disease

Worthington, Erin N.; Hagood, James S.

doi:10.3390/ijms21072318

Cited by 74 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 75 publications

(91 reference statements)

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“…Luckily, stem cells and their extracellular vesicles are able to repair the damage and relieve lung symptoms, thus they have been used to cure ARDS. 103 Currently, some COVID-19 patients have been treated with umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and achieved good effects. 104 Therefore, stem cells may be the hope for the treatment of severe COVID-19 patients.…”

Section: Remediesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The epidemiology and therapeutic options for the COVID-19

Shao

Wang

et al. 2020

Precision Clinical Medicine

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Abstract An outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a disease caused by a novel pneumonia virus, has affected over 200 countries and regions worldwide. With the increasing number of patients and deaths, WHO have declared it as a global pandemic currently, indicating a third large-scale epidemic coronavirus has appeared since the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS) and Middle-East respiratory syndrome (MERS) in the twenty-first century. Considering the great harm it has caused, researchers throughout the world have been chasing to exploit the pathophysiology, characteristics, and potential remedies for COVID-19 to better battle the outbreak. Therefore, the current study revisits advances of the virology, epidemiology, clinical features, therapeutic options, and prevention of COVID-19. The features of asymptomatic carriers are also been explored.

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Section: Remediesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The epidemiology and therapeutic options for the COVID-19

Shao

Wang

et al. 2020

Precision Clinical Medicine

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“…The progression of COVID-19 leads to the development of pulmonary diseases, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis or ARDS, commonly associated with damage to alveolar epithelial cells, which in turn is related to a severe hypoxia of the alveolar cells, leading to a massive apoptosis, therefore, contributing to the pathophysiology of lung fibrosis[ 49 ]. Experimental studies have indicated that not only MSCs but also their derivates, such as a conditioned medium containing a variety of bioactive factors or extracellular vesicles (EVs) (microvesicles and exosomes) carrying various cytoplasmic components, including lipids, DNA fragments, and RNA (including mRNA and microRNA), contribute to the recovery of alveolar epithelial cells and endothelial cells and modify the function of inflammatory infiltrates in paracrine and endocrine manners[ 50 , 51 ].…”

Section: Mscs As Supportive Therapy In Covid-19 Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspectives on mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells and their derivates as potential therapies for lung damage caused by COVID-19

Klimczak

2020

WJSC

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The new coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which emerged in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, has reached worldwide pandemic proportions, causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The clinical manifestations of COVID-19 vary from an asymptomatic disease course to clinical symptoms of acute respiratory distress syndrome and severe pneumonia. The lungs are the primary organ affected by SARS-CoV-2, with a very slow turnover for renewal. SARS-CoV-2 enters the lungs via angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors and induces an immune response with the accumulation of immunocompetent cells, causing a cytokine storm, which leads to target organ injury and subsequent dysfunction. To date, there is no effective antiviral therapy for COVID-19 patients, and therapeutic strategies are based on experience treating previously recognized coronaviruses. In search of new treatment modalities of COVID-19, cell-based therapy with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and/or their secretome, such as soluble bioactive factors and extracellular vesicles, is considered supportive therapy for critically ill patients. Multipotent MSCs are able to differentiate into different types of cells of mesenchymal origin, including alveolar epithelial cells, lung epithelial cells, and vascular endothelial cells, which are severely damaged in the course of COVID-19 disease. Moreover, MSCs secrete a variety of bioactive factors that can be applied for respiratory tract regeneration in COVID-19 patients thanks to their trophic, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-apoptotic, pro-regenerative, and proangiogenic properties.

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“…These studies have further confirmed that post-exosomal infusion, the associated cytokine storm and pro-inflammatory signalling biomolecules were considerably reduced that were primarily responsible for ARDS pathogenesis [ 46 ]. Further analysis confirmed that the exosomes also increased the level of anti-inflammatory signalling mediators that can reduce the severity of the lung injury through increase permeability and functional aspects of alveolar epithelium [ 47 , 48 ],…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesenchymal stem cells and exosome therapy for COVID-19: current status and future perspective

Gupta¹,

Gupta²,

Rodriguez

et al. 2020

Human Cell

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Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is the main cause for the COVID-19 infection-related morbidity and mortality. Recent clinical evidences suggest increased level of cytokines and chemokines targeting lung tissue as a prominent etiological factor. The immunomodulatory effect of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as the alternative therapy for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases is well known. Several studies have also revealed that similar therapeutic impacts of parent MSCs are also exhibited by MSCs-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) including exosomes. In this review, we explored the therapeutic potential of both MSCs and exosomes in mitigating the COVID-19 induced cytokine storm as well as promoting the regeneration of alveolar tissue, attributed to the intrinsic cytokines and growth factor present in the secretome. The preliminary studies have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of MSCs and exosomes in mitigating symptoms associated with COVID-19. Thus, they can be used on compassionate basis, owing to their ability to endogenously repair and decrease the inflammatory reactions involved in the morbidity and mortality of COVID-19. However, more preclinical and clinical studies are warranted to understand their mechanism of action and further establish their safety and efficacy.

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Therapeutic Use of Extracellular Vesicles for Acute and Chronic Lung Disease

Cited by 74 publications

References 75 publications

The epidemiology and therapeutic options for the COVID-19

The epidemiology and therapeutic options for the COVID-19

Perspectives on mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells and their derivates as potential therapies for lung damage caused by COVID-19

Mesenchymal stem cells and exosome therapy for COVID-19: current status and future perspective

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