Therapeutic Use of Convalescent Plasma in COVID-19 Infected Patients with Concomitant Hematological Disorders

Abstract

The use of convalescent plasma (CP) from individuals recovered from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a promising therapeutic modality for the coronavirus disease 2019 . CP has been in use for at least a century to provide passive immunity against a number of diseases, and was recently proposed by the World Health Organization for human Ebola virus infection. Only a few small studies have so far been published on patients with COVID-19 and concomitant hematological malignancies (HM). The Italian Hematology Alliance on HM and COVID-19 has found that HM patients with COVID-19 clinically perform more poorly than those with either HM or COVID-19 alone. A COVID-19 infection in patients with B-cell lymphoma is associated with impaired generation of neutralizing antibody titers and lowered clearance of SARS-CoV-2. Treatment with CP was seen to increase antibody titers in all patients and to improve clinical response in 80% of patients examined. However, a recent study has reported impaired production of SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing antibodies in an immunosuppressed individual treated with CP, possibly supporting the notion of virus escape, particularly in immunocompromised individuals where prolonged viral replication occurs. This may limit the efficacy of CP treatment in at least some HM patients. More recently, it has been shown that CP may provide a neutralising effect against B.1.1.7 and other SARS-CoV-2 variants, thus expanding its application in clinical practice. More extensive studies are needed to further assess the use of CP in COVID-19-infected HM patients.

COVID-19 in patients with hematologic malignancy

“…[99][100][101] Although case series showed some effectiveness among immunocompromised patients with HM, large clinical trials did not find evidence for therapeutic effects of convalescent plasma. [102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109] Therefore, convalescent plasma therapy represents an option for individual patients with HM but should not be applied routinely.…”

A Supportive Viewpoint Narrative On the Beneficial Use of Astrazeneca, The World Vaccine to Survive Cov-2’ Fatality in The Pandemic: Evidence–Based Life Saving Outcomes Versus the Potential Coincidental Risk of a Very Rare Reported Blood Clot

“…The use of some smart and intelligence led technologies and machine learning tools to identify the best practice and more effective communication are essential to overcome the high levels of vaccine hesitancy that still exist in some part of the world, despite the enormous progresses that we are witnessing that have been made with success on passive immunotherapy to survive CoV-2 variants [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Moreover currently attentions are focused on the developing some variants' tar geted vaccines and development of some booster bioproducts, [free from autoantibodies, activated complements and cytokines, as the potential side effects coronavirus convalescent plasma therapy, as some alternatives therapeutic intervention using modern technologies [9][10][11][12][13][14][15].…”

“…In fact, in this context there is a change of policy in the USA as after a week of fears and hesitation, to persue again the successful rollout of the Janssen vaccine, the first one dose vaccine design, and it is now back for use as a new armature to BEAT COVID and expectedly there is no changes in the UK rollout protocols are made due to fear of very rare potential side effects as almost 50 million doses of vaccines have been administered to of the UK populations without any major side effects. The use of some smart and intelligence led technologies and machine learning tools to identify the best practice and for more effective communication are essential to overcome high levels of vaccine hesitancy that still exist in some part of the world, despite the enormous progresses that we are witnessing have been made with success on passive immunotherapy to survive CoV-2 variants [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Currently attentions are focused on the development of targeted vaccines against variants and some booster bioproducts free from autoantibodies, activated complements and cytokines, as a safer and more effective coronavirus convalescent plasma-derived alternative therapies [9][10][11][12][13][14][15].…”

Spotlights on the latest opinions on identification, prevention, and management of newer CoV-2 variants: A roundup appraisal on innovative ideas and designer vaccines for Omicron

“…The plausible use of Plasma Exchange Therapy [PET] to rescue patients with severe infection or the rare cases of Vaccine-induced Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia [VITT] by removing various toxic elements of convalescent plasma is another one. Such as the critical use of the vaccine in pregnancy and school children and the impacts of the much earlier use of the third booster [3] , [4] .…”