Therapeutic Use of Commensal Microbes: Fecal/Gut Microbiota Transplantation

Vanny, Patricia A.; Machiavelli, Aline; Wippel, Catherine Wegner; Andrade, Jéssica de Souza; Zamparette, Caetana Paes; Tartari, Daniela Cristina; Sincero, Thaís Cristine Marques; Pinto, Aguinaldo Roberto; Zárate-Bladés, Carlos R.

doi:10.2174/9781681086378119050004

Cited by 1 publication

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“…According to the United States Food and Drug Administration, FMT may be performed after two failed courses of antibiotics[ 22 ]. The fecal material for FMT may be obtained from a relative or unrelated donor and administered using a nasogastric or nasoduodenal tube or by colonoscopy[ 19 , 20 , 23 , 24 ]. More recently, successful FMT treatments using lyophilized solutions and capsules have been reported[ 25 - 27 ].…”

Section: Clostridioides Difficile Infection and Intestinal D...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recently, successful FMT treatments using lyophilized solutions and capsules have been reported[ 25 - 27 ]. Commonly, the administration of one or two courses of FMT results in clinical remission as early as one day after the first FMT[ 23 , 24 , 28 ]. Its effects are based mainly on the restoration of eubiosis[ 29 ].…”

Section: Clostridioides Difficile Infection and Intestinal D...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is compatible with the bile salt hydrolase ( BSH ) gene abundance reduction - which metabolizes BAs - in rCDI patients compared to healthy and first episode CDI individuals[ 24 ]. Furthermore, BSH functional activity is rapidly restored in rCDI patients after FMT[ 23 ]. Taken together, these data indicate that gut microbial BAs metabolism is one of the molecular mechanisms of FMT to successfully treat rCDI.…”

Section: Clostridioides Difficile Infection and Intestinal D...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immunological mechanisms of fecal microbiota transplantation in recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection

Soveral¹,

Korczaguin²,

Schmidt³

et al. 2022

WJG

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Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a successful method for treating recurrent Clostridioides difficile ( C. difficile ) infection (rCDI) with around 90% efficacy. Due to the relative simplicity of this approach, it is being widely used and currently, thousands of patients have been treated with FMT worldwide. Nonetheless, the mechanisms underlying its effects are just beginning to be understood. Data indicate that FMT effectiveness is due to a combination of microbiological direct mechanisms against C. difficile , but also through indirect mechanisms including the production of microbiota-derived metabolites as secondary bile acids and short chain fatty acids. Moreover, the modulation of the strong inflammatory response triggered by C. difficile after FMT seems to rely on a pivotal role of regulatory T cells, which would be responsible for the reduction of several cells and soluble inflammatory mediators, ensuing normalization of the intestinal mucosal immune system. In this minireview, we analyze recent advances in these immunological aspects associated with the efficacy of FMT.

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