Therapeutic use of Aldara™ in chronic myeloid leukemia

The concept of using replicating, oncolytic viruses in cancer therapy dates to the beginning of the 20th century. However, in the last few years an increasing number of pre-clinical and clinical trials have been carried out with promising preliminarily results. Novel, indeed, is the suggestion that viral oncolytic therapy might not operate exclusively through an oncolysis-mediated process but additionally requires the “assistance” of the host’s immune system. Originally, the host’s immune response was believed to play a predominantly obstructive role against viral replication, hence limiting the anti-tumor efficacy of viral vectors. Recent data, however, suggests that the immune response may also play a key role in promoting tumor destruction in association with the oncolytic process. In fact, immune effector pathways activated during oncolytic virus-induced tumor rejection seem to follow a similar pattern to those observed when the broader phenomenon of immune-mediated tissue-specific rejection occurs in other immune-related pathologies. We recently formulated the “Immunologic Constant of Rejection” hypothesis, emphasizing commonalties in transcriptional patterns observed when tissue-destruction occurs: whether with a favorable outcome, such as in tumor rejection and pathogen clearance; or a destructive one, such as in allograft rejection or autoimmunity. Here, we propose that a similar mechanism induces clearance of virally-infected tumors and that such a mechanism is primarily dependent on innate immune functions.

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The immunologic aspects of poxvirus oncolytic therapy

Worschech

Haddad

Stroncek

et al. 2009

Cancer Immunol Immunother

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Intravenous ascorbic acid to prevent and treat cancer-associated sepsis?

et al. 2011

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The history of ascorbic acid (AA) and cancer has been marked with controversy. Clinical studies evaluating AA in cancer outcome continue to the present day. However, the wealth of data suggesting that AA may be highly beneficial in addressing cancer-associated inflammation, particularly progression to systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and multi organ failure (MOF), has been largely overlooked. Patients with advanced cancer are generally deficient in AA. Once these patients develop septic symptoms, a further decrease in ascorbic acid levels occurs. Given the known role of ascorbate in: a) maintaining endothelial and suppression of inflammatory markers; b) protection from sepsis in animal models; and c) direct antineoplastic effects, we propose the use of ascorbate as an adjuvant to existing modalities in the treatment and prevention of cancer-associated sepsis.

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Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma - Own Experience

Pomorski¹,

Pasieka²,

Kuzdak³

2008

Polish Journal of Surgery

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Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma is a particular form of cancer of the thyroid gland. This term, according to the WHO classification, is applied to papillary tumors no larger than 1.0 cm in diameter, which are incidentally detected during the postoperative histopathological examination. In clinical practice, the term pertains to all papillary tumors of the size smaller than or equal to 1 cm. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma and its selected histopathological characteristics among patients with malignant cancer of the thyroid gland identified in our own material in the years 2000-2007. Material and methods. The study included 523 patients treated for thyroid carcinoma: 401 (76.7%) women and 122 (23.3%) men aged 12-83 years (mean 49.8 years). Surgeries were carried out according to the Polish Group for Endocrine Carcinomas recommendations, in compliance with the European consensus. Results. Papillary thyroid carcinoma was identified in the postoperative histopathological examination in 391 (74.8%) patients; 285 (72.9%) women and 106 (27.1%) men. Their age ranged from 14 to 75 years (mean 49.3 years). Among 391 cases, tumor progression classified according to the WHO criteria (3) was as follows: T1 in 260 (66.5%), T2 in 59 (15.1%), T3 in 53 (13.5%) and T4 in 19 (4.8%) patients. In 150 cases (38.4% of papillary tumors), the tumor fulfilled the morphological criteria for microcarcinoma (4) and was detected in 118 (78.7%) women and 32 (21.3%) men. Carcinoma was identified in the neutral goiter in 138 cases, and in 12 patients in hyperactive, including 9 in nodular and 3 in Graves' goiters. The disease was suspected or diagnosed preoperatively or at surgery in 112 patients. Postoperative diagnosis was performed in 38 (25.3%) individuals with micrcarcinoma. Twenty-four (38%) of 63 patients with multifocal tumors were subjected to adjunctive surgery as their cancer diagnosis was made only postoperatively in the histopathological examination. The subcapsular location of microcarcinoma was found in 78 (49.4%) cases including capsular infiltration and extracapsular invasion in 14 patients. The exact histopathological examination showed multifocality in 63 (42%) cases and involvement of the local lymph nodes in 29 (19.3%) patients. In 21 cases, the central compartment lymph nodes were involved. The presence of metastases in the central and lateral lymph node compartment was observed in 5 cases; in 3 patients skip metastases were detected in the lateral compartment on the tumor side omitting the central compartment. No patient with microcarcinoma diagnosed between the years 2000 and 2007 revealed distant metastases. Conclusions. Due to contemporary diagnostics, papillary thyroid microcarcinomas -tumors up to 1 cm -are most commonly identified cancers of the thyroid gland. High accuracy of US-guided fineneedle aspiration biopsy of high resolution permits to diagnose the majority of these tumors prior to surgery.

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Therapeutic use of Aldara™ in chronic myeloid leukemia

Cited by 3 publications

References 98 publications

The immunologic aspects of poxvirus oncolytic therapy

The immunologic aspects of poxvirus oncolytic therapy

Intravenous ascorbic acid to prevent and treat cancer-associated sepsis?

Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma - Own Experience

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