Therapeutic targets by traditional Chinese medicine for ischemia-reperfusion injury induced apoptosis on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases

Abstract

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a significant role in treating and preventing human diseases. Ischemic heart and cerebrovascular injuries are two types of diseases with different clinical manifestations with high prevalence and incidence. In recent years, it has been reported that many TCM has beneficial effects on ischemic diseases through the inhibition of apoptosis, which is the key target to treat myocardial and cerebral ischemia. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the mechanisms of various TCMs in treating ischemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases through anti-apoptotic targets and pathways. However, clinical investigations into elucidating the pharmacodynamic ingredients of TCM are still lacking, which should be further demystified in the future. Overall, the inhibition of apoptosis by TCM may be an effective strategy for treating ischemic cardio-cerebrovascular diseases.

Evolving Strategies for Use of Phytochemicals in Prevention and Long-Term Management of Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD)

“…Experiments to fully characterize this effect are ongoing. Results at the time of this writing are particularly encouraging since the robust suppression of inflammatory tissue damage has been demonstrated for turmeric [ 46 ], ginger [ 47 , 48 ], capsicum/capsaicin—in red pepper [ 49 , 50 ], paprika [ 51 , 52 ], and nutmeg [ 53 , 54 , 55 ] as described in Section 2 of this report. In summary, the research described here describes the current understanding of cardiovascular diseases and approaches to its management, and explores novel strategies for the use of GRAS natural medical materials to potentiate clinical efficacy and reduce the toxicity of currently used therapies for CVDs.…”

“…It is nevertheless interesting to note that, during the past decade, the personal utilization of risk reduction strategies available through public education has resulted in some abatement of mortality rates in affluent societies. This includes, prominently, an awareness of the benefits to general health of the dietary intake of polyphenols, especially in flavonoid-rich foods, and flavorings such as the spices described in the present report [ 5 , 6 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 ].…”

“…The findings revealed by the investigations described in this report are particularly exciting since they suggest a means of expanding and refining the known health benefits of foodstuffs that are widely available at low cost. Particularly exciting are reports showing the strong ability of commonly used spice flavorings to reduce the severity of cardiovascular ischemia/reperfusion-related symptoms, notably, turmeric [ 46 ], ginger [ 47 , 48 ], capsicum/capsaicin—in red pepper [ 49 , 50 ]—including paprika [ 51 , 52 ] and nutmeg [ 53 , 54 , 55 ]. Each of these spices contain bioactive compounds that interact to exhibit very potent anti-inflammatory synergy, with high potential for the long-term clinical management of CVD and many other disorders at minimal cost and with no adverse side effects.…”

Angong niuhuang pill improves the neurological function of younger patients with basal ganglia and cerebral lobe intracerebral hemorrhage: A randomized controlled trial

“…5 Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been proven to be an effective therapeutic option for cerebrovascular diseases. [6][7] Angong Niuhuang Pill (ANP) 安宫牛黄丸 is one of the most wellknown traditional Chinese patent medicines used in the clinical emergency treatment of cardiocerebrovascular diseases. Originating from the Qing Dynasty, it has a history of several hundred years.…”

Exploring the Mechanism of Fufang Danshen Tablet against Atherosclerosis by Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation

“…Furthermore, an increasing number of pharmacological studies have demonstrated the efficacy of TCM in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases [6][7][8].…”