Therapeutic targeting of the inflammome

Abstract

Inflammatory responses can vary depending on a myriad of factors including: 1) the initiating stimulus or trigger, 2) the cell types, involved in the response, and 3) the specific effector cytokine-chemokine milieus produced. The compilation of these and other factors in a given mechanistic context is sometimes referred to as the “inflammome”. Humans and other higher order mammals have evolved (over time) several discrete inflammomes to counter the effects of pathogens. However, when these inflammomes are induced inappropriately, they drive the development of chronic inflammatory diseases. The vast majority of biological anti-inflammatory treatments currently being developed are focused on the post hoc inhibition of downstream effectors by anti-cytokine monoclonal antibodies and receptor antagonists. This prevailing “end-point treatment” has even directed a new disease classification paradigm, namely a cytokine-based disease classification, as opposed to a traditional diagnosis based on a particular tissue or organ system dysfunction. Although this approach has a number of advantages, it omits the processes that led to the generation of the inflammatory effectors in the first place. In this review, we will expand the cytokine-based disease taxonomy into an inflammome-based taxonomy that includes interventions that subvert a priori cytokine development that can complement post hoc inhibition.

The immune network in thyroid cancer

“…53 Targeting these mediators could be exploited to block TC growth, since this strategy has been already developed for other tumors. 116 Moreover, boosting anticancer immune responses by blocking immunosuppressive molecules (TGF-b, IL-10, CTLA-4, PD-1 and PD-L1) expressed either by cancer cells or by tumor-infiltrating immune cells 117 and cytolytic viruses approaches 51 appear promising therapeutic strategies in different tumors, including TC.…”

Identification of Metabolism-Associated Molecular Subtypes of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

“…Systemic inflammatory network pattern is known as “inflammome”, categorized into 6 categories (innate-TNF dominant, innate-IFN dominant, innate-inflammasome dominant, adaptive-T cell centric, adaptive-B cell centric, reverse-phase immunity). 41 Taking all the above results together, C1 had a higher level of innate immunity associated with TNF, IFN and inflammasome, and a lower level of adaptive immunity associated with T and B cells. The proportion of neutrophils increases and lymphocytes decreases were regarded as a marker of increased COPD severity and pulmonary function damage.…”

Caracterización de las acciones protectoras del ácido oleanólico en modelos experimentales de patologías con base inflamatoria

“…Surge con el fin de aislar y eliminar al agente inflamatorio y también se encarga de reparar el tejido o el órgano que haya resultado dañado. Sin embargo el proceso de reparación puede ser prejudicial si no se controla y se cronifica [9,19].…”

“…Tienen una función central en la regulación de la respuesta inmune y participan además directamente en la destrucción de los agentes agresores. Cada célula T es programada para reconocer un antígeno específico mediante el receptor de linfocitos T (TCR) [11,19]. Existen tres tipos funcionalmente distintos de linfocitos T:…”