Therapeutic Strategies to Ameliorate Neuronal Damage in Epilepsy by Regulating Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Neuroinflammation

Madireddy, Sahithi; Madireddy, Samskruthi

doi:10.3390/brainsci13050784

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 362 publications

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“…Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by unprovoked and repeated seizures that occurs in millions of people globally [151]. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are frequently observed in epilepsy [152]. Several forms of epilepsy are associated with impaired mitochondrial function and increased ROS generation [153].…”

Section: Epilepsy Multiple Sclerosis and Mtdna Mutationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitochondrial Permeability Transition, Cell Death and Neurodegeneration

Baev,

Vinokurov,

Potapova

et al. 2024

Cells

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Neurodegenerative diseases are chronic conditions occurring when neurons die in specific brain regions that lead to loss of movement or cognitive functions. Despite the progress in understanding the mechanisms of this pathology, currently no cure exists to treat these types of diseases: for some of them the only help is alleviating the associated symptoms. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of most the neurodegenerative disorders. The fast and transient permeability of mitochondria (the mitochondrial permeability transition, mPT) has been shown to be an initial step in the mechanism of apoptotic and necrotic cell death, which acts as a regulator of tissue regeneration for postmitotic neurons as it leads to the irreparable loss of cells and cell function. In this study, we review the role of the mitochondrial permeability transition in neuronal death in major neurodegenerative diseases, covering the inductors of mPTP opening in neurons, including the major ones—free radicals and calcium—and we discuss perspectives and difficulties in the development of a neuroprotective strategy based on the inhibition of mPTP in neurodegenerative disorders.

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Section: Epilepsy Multiple Sclerosis and Mtdna Mutationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitochondrial Permeability Transition, Cell Death and Neurodegeneration

Baev,

Vinokurov,

Potapova

et al. 2024

Cells

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“…Non-pharmacological interventions such as the ketogenic diet and CBD have gained attention because of their anticonvulsant properties and have shown benefits in reducing seizure frequency in some patients [ 6 , 41 ]. The limitations of traditional therapies underscore the urgency to explore and implement innovative treatments to improve outcomes for individuals living with epilepsy [ 42 ].…”

Section: Traditional Approaches To Epilepsy Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review of Emerging Trends and Innovative Therapies in Epilepsy Management

Ghosh,

Sinha,

Ghosh

et al. 2023

Brain Sciences

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Epilepsy is a complex neurological disorder affecting millions worldwide, with a substantial number of patients facing drug-resistant epilepsy. This comprehensive review explores innovative therapies for epilepsy management, focusing on their principles, clinical evidence, and potential applications. Traditional antiseizure medications (ASMs) form the cornerstone of epilepsy treatment, but their limitations necessitate alternative approaches. The review delves into cutting-edge therapies such as responsive neurostimulation (RNS), vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), and deep brain stimulation (DBS), highlighting their mechanisms of action and promising clinical outcomes. Additionally, the potential of gene therapies and optogenetics in epilepsy research is discussed, revealing groundbreaking findings that shed light on seizure mechanisms. Insights into cannabidiol (CBD) and the ketogenic diet as adjunctive therapies further broaden the spectrum of epilepsy management. Challenges in achieving seizure control with traditional therapies, including treatment resistance and individual variability, are addressed. The importance of staying updated with emerging trends in epilepsy management is emphasized, along with the hope for improved therapeutic options. Future research directions, such as combining therapies, AI applications, and non-invasive optogenetics, hold promise for personalized and effective epilepsy treatment. As the field advances, collaboration among researchers of natural and synthetic biochemistry, clinicians from different streams and various forms of medicine, and patients will drive progress toward better seizure control and a higher quality of life for individuals living with epilepsy.

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“…In addition, antioxidants such as vitamin C and curcumin are essential in reducing oxidative stress in epilepsy. Curcumin, as in migraine, removes ROS and RNS, which may result from the accumulation of Ca 2+ [228][229][230]. Vitamin C, acting similarly to CoQ10, increased the activity of the antioxidant enzymes SOD and CAT [222].…”

Section: Other Neurological Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disorders of Endogenous and Exogenous Antioxidants in Neurological Diseases

Korczowska-Łącka,

Słowikowski,

Piekut

et al. 2023

Antioxidants

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In diseases of the central nervous system, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Huntington’s disease (HD), and even epilepsy and migraine, oxidative stress load commonly surpasses endogenous antioxidative capacity. While oxidative processes have been robustly implicated in the pathogenesis of these diseases, the significance of particular antioxidants, both endogenous and especially exogenous, in maintaining redox homeostasis requires further research. Among endogenous antioxidants, enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase are central to disabling free radicals, thereby preventing oxidative damage to cellular lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Whether supplementation with endogenously occurring antioxidant compounds such as melatonin and glutathione carries any benefit, however, remains equivocal. Similarly, while the health benefits of certain exogenous antioxidants, including ascorbic acid (vitamin C), carotenoids, polyphenols, sulforaphanes, and anthocyanins are commonly touted, their clinical efficacy and effectiveness in particular neurological disease contexts need to be more robustly defined. Here, we review the current literature on the cellular mechanisms mitigating oxidative stress and comment on the possible benefit of the most common exogenous antioxidants in diseases such as AD, PD, ALS, HD, stroke, epilepsy, and migraine. We selected common neurological diseases of a basically neurodegenerative nature.

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Therapeutic Strategies to Ameliorate Neuronal Damage in Epilepsy by Regulating Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Neuroinflammation

Cited by 18 publications

References 362 publications

Mitochondrial Permeability Transition, Cell Death and Neurodegeneration

Mitochondrial Permeability Transition, Cell Death and Neurodegeneration

A Comprehensive Review of Emerging Trends and Innovative Therapies in Epilepsy Management

Disorders of Endogenous and Exogenous Antioxidants in Neurological Diseases

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