Therapeutic Review

Eid, Ramzi

doi:10.1053/j.jepm.2017.10.016

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…1 In veterinary medicine, midazolam is a widely used benzodiazepine with multiple effects, including anxiolytic, hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and centrally mediated muscle relaxant. 7 In companion exotic animals, it is common to use midazolam as a sedative, with the benefit that it is water soluble and thus can be administered by nearly any route with good absorption. Midazolam is eliminated almost exclusively by the liver and has a rapid elimination and clearance in GPs 8 with the possibility of being antagonized with flumazenil.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of subcutaneous sedation with alfaxalone or alfaxalone-midazolam in pet guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) of three different age groups

Ríos

Vilalta

Mateo

2022

javma

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OBJECTIVE To compare the cardiorespiratory effects, quality and duration of sedation of 2 subcutaneous sedation protocols for noninvasive procedures in guinea pigs (GPs). ANIMALS 24 pet GPs (15 females, 9 males) of 3 different age groups: infant (n = 8), juvenile (8), and adult (8). PROCEDURES The study design was a randomized, crossover, blinded, clinical trial with a washout period of at least 7 days between protocols. Guinea pigs were sedated SC with alfaxalone (5 mg/kg; group A) or alfaxalone (5 mg/kg) and midazolam (0.5 mg/kg; group A + M) to facilitate blood sampling, radiography, or abdominal ultrasonography. Vital parameters, hemoglobin saturation (SpO2), and sedation scores were recorded every 5 minutes. RESULTS Mean heart rate was lower in group A than group A + M (P = 0.001), and respiratory rate was significantly (P = 0.001) decreased relative to baseline during sedation in both groups. The SpO2 remained above 95% in both sedation groups. Rectal temperature was significantly (P = 0.001) lower during recovery versus baseline. Onset of sedation was shorter and the duration longer in group A + M than in group A. The duration and depth of the sedation was different between age groups (P = 0.001), being longer and deeper in adults. Bruxism, hectic movements, twitching, and some degree of hyperreactivity were observed during 41 of the 48 sedations. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Subcutaneous administration of alfaxalone provided reliable sedation for nonpainful procedures in GPs. When combined with midazolam, alfaxalone provided longer and deeper sedation that was more significant in adults than in younger patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of subcutaneous sedation with alfaxalone or alfaxalone-midazolam in pet guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) of three different age groups

Ríos

Vilalta

Mateo

2022

javma

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“…The here selected anesthetic protocol consisted of a combination of a benzodiazepine (midazolam), an α 2 -agonist (dexmedetomidine), a neuroactive steroid (alfaxalone), and a dissociative agent derived from phencyclidine (ketamine). Benzodiazepines and alfaxalone both act on inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma aminobutyric acid complex (GABA) receptors 37 , 38 : midazolam enhancing central and peripheral GABA A receptors 39 , and alfaxalone acting on central GABA receptors 37 . Alpha-2 agonists are used in combination with other molecules for sedation and myorelaxation 40 , 41 , stimulating central and peripheral α 2 -adrenergic receptors decreasing excitability, and provide analgesia 42 ; their effects can be antagonized with specific antagonists such as atipamezole 40 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulating miRNome of Trachemys scripta after elective gonadectomy under general anesthesia

Bardi

Brizzola

Ravasio

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Post-surgical management is an important issue in veterinary medicine, requiring biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity for timely and effective treatment. Emerging evidence suggests that miRNAs are promising stress- and pain-related markers. The aims were to profile the circulating miRNA signature in plasma of turtles (Trachemysscripta) and point out potential candidate biomarkers to assess the status of the animal. The plasma of female turtles underwent surgical gonadectomy were collected 24 h pre-surgery, and 2.5 h and 36 h post-surgery. The expression of miRNAs was profiled by Next Generation Sequencing and the dysregulated miRNAs were validated using RT-qPCR. The diagnostic value of miRNAs was calculated by ROC curves. The results showed that 14 miRNAs were differentially expressed over time. RT-qPCR validation highlighted that 2-miR-499-3p and miR-203-5p-out of 8 miRNAs tested were effectively modulated. The Area Under the Curve (AUC) of miR-203-5p was fair (AUC 0.7934) in discriminating pre- and 36 h post-surgery samples and poor for other time points; the AUC of miR-499-3p was excellent (AUC 0.944) in discriminating pre-surgery and 2.5 h post-surgery samples, and fair in discriminating pre-surgery and 36 h post-surgery (AUC 0.7292) and 2.5 h and 36 h post-surgery (AUC 0.7569) samples. In conclusion, we demonstrated for the first time that miRNAs profile changes in plasma of turtles underwent surgical oophorectomy and identified miR-203-5p and miR-499-3p as potential candidate biomarkers to assess animals' status. Further studies are necessary to confirm their diagnostic value and to investigate functional and mechanistic networks to improve our understanding of the biological processes.

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Recent advances in cyclosporine drug delivery: challenges and opportunities

Patel

Wairkar

2019

Drug Deliv. and Transl. Res.

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Therapeutic Review

Cited by 4 publications

References 24 publications

Comparison of subcutaneous sedation with alfaxalone or alfaxalone-midazolam in pet guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) of three different age groups

Comparison of subcutaneous sedation with alfaxalone or alfaxalone-midazolam in pet guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) of three different age groups

Circulating miRNome of Trachemys scripta after elective gonadectomy under general anesthesia

Recent advances in cyclosporine drug delivery: challenges and opportunities

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