Therapeutic Potentials of Microalgae in the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease

Olasehinde, Tosin A.; Olaniran, Ademola O.; Okoh, Anthony I.

doi:10.3390/molecules22030480

Cited by 94 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 151 publications

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“…Some microalgae species are also a source of bioactive secondary metabolites that may ameliorate disease symptoms or causes, such as inflammation (Montero-Lobato et al, 2018) or provide protection to neuro-degenerative diseases (Olasehinde et al, 2017). Dried algal biomass from GRAS-certified species is most commonly consumed as a powder and already marketed as dietary supplement to improve health, is often added to other foods, such as blended beverages (Vigani et al, 2015).…”

Section: Food and Nutraceuticalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Technologies in Algal Biotechnology: Toward the Establishment of a Sustainable, Algae-Based Bioeconomy

et al. 2020

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Mankind has recognized the value of land plants as renewable sources of food, medicine, and materials for millennia. Throughout human history, agricultural methods were continuously modified and improved to meet the changing needs of civilization. Today, our rapidly growing population requires further innovation to address the practical limitations and serious environmental concerns associated with current industrial and agricultural practices. Microalgae are a diverse group of unicellular photosynthetic organisms that are emerging as next-generation resources with the potential to address urgent industrial and agricultural demands. The extensive biological diversity of algae can be leveraged to produce a wealth of valuable bioproducts, either naturally or via genetic manipulation. Microalgae additionally possess a set of intrinsic advantages, such as low production costs, no requirement for arable land, and the capacity to grow rapidly in both large-scale outdoor systems and scalable, fully contained photobioreactors. Here, we review technical advancements, novel fields of application, and products in the field of algal biotechnology to illustrate how algae could present high-tech, low-cost, and environmentally friendly solutions to many current and future needs of our society. We discuss how emerging technologies such as synthetic biology, highthroughput phenomics, and the application of internet of things (IoT) automation to algal manufacturing technology can advance the understanding of algal biology and, ultimately, drive the establishment of an algal-based bioeconomy.

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Section: Food and Nutraceuticalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Technologies in Algal Biotechnology: Toward the Establishment of a Sustainable, Algae-Based Bioeconomy

et al. 2020

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“…Another class of natural compounds with strong neuroprotective potential and which is relatively unexplored yet is represented by extracts and biologically active compounds derived from microalgal biomass [123].…”

Section: New Frontiers In Nutritional Prevention: Microalgal-derived mentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Compounds as Beneficial Antioxidant Agents in Neurodegenerative Disorders: A Focus on Alzheimer’s Disease

2019

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The positive role of nutrition in chronic neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) suggests that dietary interventions represent helpful tools for preventing NDs. In particular, diets enriched with natural compounds have become an increasingly attractive, non-invasive, and inexpensive option to support a healthy brain and to potentially treat NDs. Bioactive compounds found in vegetables or microalgae possess special properties able to counteract oxidative stress, which is involved as a triggering factor in neurodegeneration. Here, we briefly review the relevant experimental data on curcuminoids, silymarin, chlorogenic acid, and compounds derived from the microalga Aphanizomenon flos aquae (AFA) which have been demonstrated to possess encouraging beneficial effects on neurodegeneration, in particular on Alzheimer's disease models. and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) [4,5]. Intracellular neurofibrillary tangles are composed of hyperphosphorylated Tau proteins in neurons located particularly in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex regions of the brain. The reduced expression of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), important for neuronal growth and memory functions, also plays a crucial role in AD pathogenesis via formation of senile plaque of Aβ and NFTs. At the molecular level, Aβ induces oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction associated with apoptosis [6,7].Parkinson's disease is characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) and formation of Lewy bodies, abnormal intraneuronal aggregates of proteins that include α-synuclein, ubiquitin, and neurofilaments [8]. The pathogenic mechanisms of PD include oxidative stress, mitochondrial and protein dysfunction, inflammation, and apoptosis [9]. In particular, oxidative stress generates ROS which activates glial cells, and activated glial cells generate inflammation that results in mitochondrial dysfunction, and, consequently, dysfunctional mitochondria activate cell death machinery [10].Hence, oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage are common factors involved in the etiopathology of these neurodegenerative diseases [11-13]. Oxidative Stress and NeurodegenerationOxidative stress is characterized by an overproduction of ROS-oxygen-containing molecules known to be highly reactive.Reactive oxygen species are formed in mitochondria during oxidative phosphorylation as a byproduct of normal metabolism. Therefore, modest levels of ROS are normally expected and are considered essential for the regulation of normal cell functions, while excessive ROS production can damage various biological targets, such as DNA, lipids, and proteins, causing serious neurological injury. Because the brain consumes a large amount of molecular oxygen to function properly, the accumulation of damaged biomolecules caused by ROS is high, especially with aging [14]. To limit these cellular damages, brain neurons produce antioxidant defense enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and catala...

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“…Several studies reported neuroprotective role of astaxanthin and fucoxanthin [145, [282][283][284][285][286][287], Sargassum spp. [288][289][290][291][292][293][294][295], Saccorhiza polyschide [283], Codium tomentosum [296], Ulva spp [256,267,293,[297][298][299][300], Ecklonia maxima [256,[301][302][303], Gracilaria spp. (Figure 12) [296,[304][305][306][307][308][309][310][311], Gelidium pristoides [312,313], Halimeda incrassate [314,315], Bryothamniom triquetrum [316][317][318], Chondrus crispus ( Figure 13) [319,320], Hypnea valentiae (…”

Section: Neuroprotection In Stroke Alzheimer's and Parkinsonismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seaweeds: An Extensive Review of Medicinal Values

Mohiuddin¹

2019

APCT

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The global economic impact of the five leading chronic diseases-cancer, diabetes, mental illness, CVD, and respiratory disease-could reach $47 trillion over the next 20 years, according to a study by the World Economic Forum (WEF). According to the WHO, 80% of the world's population primarily those of developing countries rely on plant-derived medicines for the healthcare. The purported efficacies of seaweed derived phytochemicals showing great potential in obesity, T2DM, metabolic syndrome, CVD, IBD, sexual dysfunction and some cancers. Therefore, WHO, UN-FAO, UNICEF and governments have shown a growing interest in this unconventional food with health-promoting effects. Edible marine macro-algae (seaweed) are of interest because of their value in nutrition and medicine. Seaweeds contain several bioactive substances like polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, polyphenols, and pigments, all of which may have beneficial health properties. People consume seaweed as food in various forms: raw as salad and vegetable, pickle with sauce or with vinegar, relish or sweetened jellies and also cooked for vegetable soup. By cultivating seaweed, coastal people are getting an alternative livelihood as well as advancing their lives. In 2005, world seaweed production was totaled 14.7 million tons which more than double (30.4 million tons) in 2015. The present market value is nearly $6.5 billion and projected to reach some $9 billion seaweed global market by 2024. Aquaculture is recognized as the most sustainable means of seaweed production and accounts for approximately 27.3 million tons (more than 90%) of global seaweed production per annum. Asian countries produced 80% for world markets where China alone produces half of the total demand. The top six seaweed producing countries are China,

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Therapeutic Potentials of Microalgae in the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease

Cited by 94 publications

References 151 publications

Emerging Technologies in Algal Biotechnology: Toward the Establishment of a Sustainable, Algae-Based Bioeconomy

Emerging Technologies in Algal Biotechnology: Toward the Establishment of a Sustainable, Algae-Based Bioeconomy

Natural Compounds as Beneficial Antioxidant Agents in Neurodegenerative Disorders: A Focus on Alzheimer’s Disease

Seaweeds: An Extensive Review of Medicinal Values

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