Therapeutic potential role of exosomes for ischemic stroke

Zhu, Zhihan; Kalyan, Bikram Shah; Chen, Lukui

doi:10.1177/2096595820902588

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…EVs including exosomes contain distinct subsets of RNAs and proteins (Lo Cicero et al, 2015;Skog et al, 2008;Valadi et al, 2007;Zhu, 2019). We observed vesicles being shed by both human and mouse glioma cells in vitro (Video S1; Figure 5E).…”

Section: Glioma-brain Cell Communication Mediated By Evsmentioning

confidence: 54%

Gliomas Interact with Non-glioma Brain Cells via Extracellular Vesicles

et al. 2020

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Graphical AbstractHighlights d Distinct types of gliomas interact with different sets of brain cells d Glioma cells use extracellular vesicles to achieve the gliomabrain-cell crosstalk d EV-mediated communication alters neuronal activity in the labeled neurons SUMMARY Emerging evidence suggests that crosstalk between glioma cells and the brain microenvironment may influence brain tumor growth. To date, known reciprocal interactions among these cells have been limited to the release of paracrine factors. Combining a genetic strategy with longitudinal live imaging, we find that individual gliomas communicate with distinct sets of non-glioma cells, including glial cells, neurons, and vascular cells. Transfer of genetic material is achieved mainly through extracellular vesicles (EVs), although cell fusion also plays a minor role. We further demonstrate that EV-mediated communication leads to the increase of synaptic activity in neurons. Blocking EV release causes a reduction of glioma growth in vivo. Our findings indicate that EV-mediated interaction between glioma cells and non-glioma brain cells alters the tumor microenvironment and contributes to glioma development.

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Section: Glioma-brain Cell Communication Mediated By Evsmentioning

confidence: 54%

Gliomas Interact with Non-glioma Brain Cells via Extracellular Vesicles

et al. 2020

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“…Recent studies have suggested that extracellular vesicles (EVs), including microvesicles (MVs) and exosomes, are essential vehicles for paracrine signaling and play a significant role in interactions among cells to promote CNS development and repair ( 106 , 107 ). The application of NSC-MVs markedly reduced microglial activation, alleviated SCI-related impairments and neuronal apoptosis, and promoted locomotor recovery at an early stage.…”

Section: Targeting Microglia In Sci Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Knowledge of Microglia in Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury

Wang

Ding

et al. 2022

Front. Neurol.

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Microglia are the resident immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS). After traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI), microglia undergo activation, proliferation, and changes in gene and protein expression and morphology, with detrimental and beneficial effects. Activated microglia cause secondary neuronal injury via the production of proinflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species, and proteases. However, activated microglia also promote neuronal repair through the secretion of anti-inflammatory growth factors and cytokines. Proinflammatory cytokines increase endothelial permeability, promote A1 astrocyte activation and axonal demyelination, and reduce neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs), leading to the exacerbation of neuronal injury. In contrast, anti-inflammatory factors facilitate angiogenesis, reduce reactive astrocytes, and promote axonal remyelination and the propagation of NSPCs, contributing to tissue repair and locomotor recovery. Due to its limited regenerative capacity, the CNS requires beneficial microglia for continuous protection against injury. Understanding and regulating microglial activation status are beneficial to reducing detrimental effects and promoting repair behaviors and to obtain more information on efficient therapies for traumatic SCI. This review discusses microglial activation and the differences between microglia and similar immune cells, microglial interactions with other cells in the spinal cord, and the progress in the development of therapies targeting microglia in SCI.

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“…Late-sorting endosomes can develop from ESEs with the participation of the endosomal-sorting complex necessary for transport (ESCRT) proteins, the inward germination of the membrane encapsulates biomolecules, and intraluminal vesicles (ILVs, future exosomes) are generated within the multivesicular bodies (MVBs), which are also called multivesicular endosomes (Simons and Raposo, 2009;Zhu et al, 2019;Vietri et al, 2020). MVBs simultaneously follow one of two paths, one is to combine with lysosomes or autophagosomes to be degraded, and the other is fusion to the plasma membrane to release ILVs as exosomes (Figure 2; van Niel et al, 2018).…”

Section: Exosomes and Exosomal Mirnas Exosome Biogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Exosomes and Exosomal MiRNAs in Spinal Cord Injury

Feng

Zhang

Zhu

et al. 2021

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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Acute spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious traumatic event to the spinal cord with considerable morbidity and mortality. This injury leads to short- and long-term variations in the spinal cord, and can have a serious effect on the patient’s sensory, motor, or autonomic functions. Due to the complicated pathological process of SCI, there is currently no successful clinical treatment strategy. Exosomes, extracellular vesicles (EVs) with a double-layer membrane structure of 30–150 nm diameter, have recently been considered as critical mediators for communication between cells and tissues by transferring proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Further studies verified that exosomes participate in the pathophysiological process of several diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and cardiovascular diseases, and could have a significant impact in their treatment. As natural carriers of biologically active cargos, exosomes have emerged as pathological mediators of SCI. In this review article, we critically discuss the functions of exosomes as intracellular mediators and potential treatments in SCI and provide an outlook on future research.

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Therapeutic potential role of exosomes for ischemic stroke

Cited by 13 publications

References 86 publications

Gliomas Interact with Non-glioma Brain Cells via Extracellular Vesicles

Gliomas Interact with Non-glioma Brain Cells via Extracellular Vesicles

Current Knowledge of Microglia in Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury

Emerging Exosomes and Exosomal MiRNAs in Spinal Cord Injury

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