Therapeutic Potential of Various Plant-Based Fibers to Improve Energy Homeostasis via the Gut Microbiota

Martinez, Taylor; Meyer, Rachel; Duca, Frank A.

doi:10.3390/nu13103470

Cited by 27 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 131 publications

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“…The balance between digestive tolerance and metabolic issues should be addressed in future dietary recommendations. There is a need for rigorous randomised intervention studies in humans with strict dietary control to evaluate the consumption of the types and amounts of prebiotics and their efficacy in the management of metabolic-related health issues [ 46 ].…”

Section: From Fundamental Research To Therapeutic Usementioning

confidence: 99%

“…β-glucans are found in wheat, oat, and barley and are composed of D-glucose monomers joined by mixed-linkages β (1-4) and β (1-3) of glucose residues. Consumption of pectins and β-glucans has shown beneficial effects on metabolic homeostasis in humans [ 46 ]. In view of the richness of polysaccharides and the diversity of yet unexploited plant sources, the variety of compounds with prebiotic potential should grow in the coming years [ 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prebiotics and the Human Gut Microbiota: From Breakdown Mechanisms to the Impact on Metabolic Health

et al. 2022

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The colon harbours a dynamic and complex community of microorganisms, collectively known as the gut microbiota, which constitutes the densest microbial ecosystem in the human body. These commensal gut microbes play a key role in human health and diseases, revealing the strong potential of fine-tuning the gut microbiota to confer health benefits. In this context, dietary strategies targeting gut microbes to modulate the composition and metabolic function of microbial communities are of increasing interest. One such dietary strategy is the use of prebiotics, which are defined as substrates that are selectively utilised by host microorganisms to confer a health benefit. A better understanding of the metabolic pathways involved in the breakdown of prebiotics is essential to improve these nutritional strategies. In this review, we will present the concept of prebiotics, and focus on the main sources and nature of these components, which are mainly non-digestible polysaccharides. We will review the breakdown mechanisms of complex carbohydrates by the intestinal microbiota and present short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) as key molecules mediating the dialogue between the intestinal microbiota and the host. Finally, we will review human studies exploring the potential of prebiotics in metabolic diseases, revealing the personalised responses to prebiotic ingestion. In conclusion, we hope that this review will be of interest to identify mechanistic factors for the optimization of prebiotic-based strategies.

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Section: From Fundamental Research To Therapeutic Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prebiotics and the Human Gut Microbiota: From Breakdown Mechanisms to the Impact on Metabolic Health

et al. 2022

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“…Prebiotics consist of nutrients directly targeted to feed or promote certain bacterial growth. For instance, dietary fibers like inulin are fermented by our gut bacteria and can provide therapeutic benefits to people who are overweight, 119 diabetic, 120 or suffering from IBS. 121 Probiotics and postbiotics are viable or dead cultures of bacteria, respectively.…”

Section: Gut Microbiota To Pns Communication As a Therapeutic Targetmentioning

confidence: 99%

Communication between the gut microbiota and peripheral nervous system in health and chronic disease

Cook

Mansuy‐Aubert

2022

Gut Microbes

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Trillions of bacteria reside within our gastrointestinal tract, ideally forming a mutually beneficial relationship between us. However, persistent changes in diet and lifestyle in the western diet and lifestyle contribute to a damaging of the gut microbiota-host symbiosis leading to diseases such as obesity and irritable bowel syndrome. Many symptoms and comorbidities associated with these diseases stem from dysfunctional signaling in peripheral neurons. Our peripheral nervous system (PNS) is comprised of a variety of sensory, autonomic, and enteric neurons which coordinate key homeostatic functions such as gastrointestinal motility, digestion, immunity, feeding behavior, glucose and lipid homeostasis, and more. The composition and signaling of bacteria in our gut dramatically influences how our peripheral neurons regulate these functions, and we are just beginning to uncover the molecular mechanisms mediating this communication. In this review, we cover the general anatomy and function of the PNS, and then we discuss how the molecules secreted or stimulated by gut microbes signal through the PNS to alter host development and physiology. Finally, we discuss how leveraging the power of our gut microbes on peripheral nervous system signaling may offer effective therapies to counteract the rise in chronic diseases crippling the western world.

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“…Having all this in mind, the increased interest in targeting the GI microbiome for the treatment and prevention of obesity is understandable. In this regard, one of the major influences on the microbial signatures of individuals is diet [ 18 ], and one way to alter the microbiome is through an increment in dietary fiber intake [ 19 ]. According to the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA), dietary fiber is a carbohydrate component of an edible plant that is resistant to digestion and absorption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA), dietary fiber is a carbohydrate component of an edible plant that is resistant to digestion and absorption. Thus, dietary fiber cannot be digested by the host but can be fermented by gut bacteria in the distal intestine, resulting in the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are known to benefit energy homeostasis and metabolism [ 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fiber Consumption Mediates Differences in Several Gut Microbes in a Subpopulation of Young Mexican Adults

et al. 2022

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Diet is a determinant for bodyweight and gut microbiota composition. Changes in dietary patterns are useful for the prevention and management of overweight and obesity. We aim to evaluate diet behavior and its potential association with selected gut bacteria and body weight among Mexican young adults. Mexican college students aged between 18 and 25 (normal-weight, overweight, and obese) were recruited. Anthropometric variables were recorded. A validated food frequency questionnaire was applied to all the participants. The percentages of macronutrients, fiber, and energy were calculated, and fecal samples were analyzed by real-time-qPCR to quantify selected gut bacteria. All the participants showed an unbalanced dietary pattern. However, the consumption of fruits, non-fat cereals, and oils and fats without protein were higher in the normal-weight individuals. In the overweight/obese participants, fiber intake did not correlate with the microbial variables, while Kcal from protein and Clostridium leptum correlated positively with Lactobacillus. Similarly, Clostridium coccoides-Eubacterium rectale correlated with Akkermansia muciniphila. In the normal-weight participants, Clostridium leptum and Lactobacillus correlated positively with Clostridium coccoides-Eubacterium rectale and Bifidobacterium, respectively, and Bacteroidetes negatively with Akkermansia muciniphila. In conclusion, a higher fiber intake had a positive impact on body weight and bacterial gut composition in this Mexican population of college students.

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Therapeutic Potential of Various Plant-Based Fibers to Improve Energy Homeostasis via the Gut Microbiota

Cited by 27 publications

References 131 publications

Prebiotics and the Human Gut Microbiota: From Breakdown Mechanisms to the Impact on Metabolic Health

Prebiotics and the Human Gut Microbiota: From Breakdown Mechanisms to the Impact on Metabolic Health

Communication between the gut microbiota and peripheral nervous system in health and chronic disease

Fiber Consumption Mediates Differences in Several Gut Microbes in a Subpopulation of Young Mexican Adults

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