Therapeutic Potential of Ursolic Acid in Cancer and Diabetic Neuropathy Diseases

Abstract

Ursolic acid (UA) is a pentacyclic triterpenoid frequently found in medicinal herbs and plants, having numerous pharmacological effects. UA and its analogs treat multiple diseases, including cancer, diabetic neuropathy, and inflammatory diseases. UA inhibits cancer proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis, and induced cell death, scavenging free radicals and triggering numerous anti- and pro-apoptotic proteins. The biochemistry of UA has been examined broadly based on the literature, with alterations frequently having been prepared on positions C-3 (hydroxyl), C12–C13 (double bonds), and C-28 (carboxylic acid), leading to several UA derivatives with increased potency, bioavailability and water solubility. UA could be used as a protective agent to counter neural dysfunction via anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. It is a potential therapeutic drug implicated in the treatment of cancer and diabetic complications diseases provide novel machinery to the anti-inflammatory properties of UA. The pharmacological efficiency of UA is exhibited by the therapeutic theory of one-drug → several targets → one/multiple diseases. Hence, UA shows promising therapeutic potential for cancer and diabetic neuropathy diseases. This review aims to discuss mechanistic insights into promising beneficial effects of UA. We further explained the pharmacological aspects, clinical trials, and potential limitations of UA for the management of cancer and diabetic neuropathy diseases.

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“…In addition, activation of Nrf2 has been explained for inhibiting inflammatory gene expression ( 120 , 121 ) by signaling crosstalk linking the HO-1 ( 122 ). Kim et al.…”

“…Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disorder distinguished via deterioration of cognition and memory, progressively interfering with daily living actions attended through neuropsychiatric symptoms and behavioral disorders ( 121 , 218 ). However, AD is the most general form of dementia ( 219 ).…”

Natural products can be used in therapeutic management of COVID-19: Probable mechanistic insights

“…Ursolic acid, majorly extracted from medicinal plants Mimusopscaffra , Ilex paraguarieni, and Glechoma hederacea , show anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, and anti-diabetic potential. Still, its bioavailability and solubility limit its clinical application [76] , [79] , [80] , [156] , [157] , [158] , [159] .…”

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“…CA and its derivatives possess anti-inflammatory effects and thus are implicated in AD through these agent candidates. In addition, the activation of Nrf2 has been explained for inhibiting inflammatory gene expression (Chen et al, 2006;Alam et al, 2021a) by signaling the crosstalk linking the HO-1 (Kapturczak et al, 2004). Kim et al (Kim and Jang, 2014) have illustrated that the Nrf2-induced HO-1 introduction of CAPE is correlated with its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant mechanisms.…”

“… Synergistic action of caffeic acid (CA) with anti-tumor therapy that affects the reactive oxygen species, catalase, and superoxide dismutase. The combined result of CA and CAF reveals their potential against tumors and evaluates the molecular mechanisms of the combination with a several-target approach (Maity et al, 2021 and Alam et al, 2022 ). This figure was drown by ChemBioDraw.…”