Therapeutic Potential of Plants as Anti‐Microbials for Drug Discovery

Samy, Ramar Perumal; Gopalakrishnakone, P.

doi:10.1093/ecam/nen036

Cited by 144 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 83 publications

(76 reference statements)

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“…These are important features acting on fungal cell membrane and affect its permeability and, consequently, causing membrane distortion; thus, cell malfunction occurs by a leakage of essential metabolites, which are important cell components (HARAGUCH et al, 1999;PERUMAL;GOPALAKRISHNAKONE, 2010).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

ANTIFUNGAL POTENTIAL OF EXTRACTS AND FRACTIONS OF Randia nitida LEAVES ON SOYBEAN PATHOGENS AND THEIR PHYTOCHEMISTRY

et al. 2016

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-This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of methanol extract and fractions of leaves of Randia nitida (Kunth) DC on Colletotrichum truncatum (Schw.) Andrus & Moore, Rhizoctonia solani Kühn and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) De Bary and perform chemical and antioxidant activity tests. Crude methanol extract (EBM) and fractions (hexane = FHX, dichloromethane = FDM and ethyl acetate = FAE) underwent classical phytochemical analysis and determination of total phenols, flavonoids and antioxidant activity. Samples were individually incorporated into PDA culture mediums (potato-dextrose-agar) at concentrations of 10, 20, 40, 80 and 160 µg mL -1 of extract or fraction. Mycelial growth was evaluated when control reached the edge of the plate. Phytochemical results indicated that flavonoids, steroids and triterpenoids are the major chemical constituents in both EBM and fractions. Total phenols, flavonoids and antioxidant activity were higher for FAE and EBM, followed by FDM and FHX; however, the latter showed higher content of steroids and triterpenoids compared to the other fractions. For C. truncatum, R. solani and S. sclerotiorum, the most efficient fractions were respectively FAE, FDM and FHX, all of them in the highest concentration (160 µg mL -1). The highest inhibition rate was observed against S. sclerotiorum, reaching 93.75%. We concluded that all fractions have antifungal activity on the plant pathogens, being FHX the most active against S. sclerotiorum, which might have been due to the presence of steroids and triterpenes.Keywords: Alternative control. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Rhizoctonia solani. Colletotrichum truncatum. Secondary metabolites. DPPH. foram submetidas a análise fitoquímica clássica e determinado os fenóis totais, flavonoides e atividade antioxidante. As amostras foram incorporadas, individualmente, ao meio de cultura BDA (batata-dextrose-ágar) nas concentrações de: 10, 20, 40, 80 e 160 µg mL -1 de extrato ou fração. O crescimento micelial foi avaliado quando a testemunha alcançou a borda da placa. Os resultados fitoquímicos indicaram que os flavonoides, esteroides e triterpenos são os constituintes químicos majoritários no EBM e nas frações . O teor de fenóis totais, flavonoides e a atividade antioxidante foi maior para a fração FAE e extrato EBM, seguido da fração FDM e da FHX, contudo a fração hexânica apresentou maior conteúdo de esteroides e triterpenos em relação as demais frações . Para os três fungos, as frações eficientes foram as frações FAE, FDM e FHX, respectivamente, todas na maior concentração estudada (160 µg mL -1 ). A maior porcentagem de inibição foi observada frente ao patógeno S. sclerotiorum, chegando a 93,75%. Conclui-se que todas as frações apresentam atividade antifúngica sobre os fitopatógenos e a fração FHX foi a mais ativa frente a Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, provavelmente pela presença de esteroides e triterpenos. POTENCIAL ANTIFÚNGICO DE EXTRATOS E FRAÇÕES DE Palavras

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

ANTIFUNGAL POTENTIAL OF EXTRACTS AND FRACTIONS OF Randia nitida LEAVES ON SOYBEAN PATHOGENS AND THEIR PHYTOCHEMISTRY

et al. 2016

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“…On the other hand, the severe side effects from many of these substances and the emergence of multiresistant microorganisms have stimulated research on the development of new antibacterial agents that are more specific, effective, and safe [24, 25]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytochemical Analysis and Antimicrobial, Antinociceptive, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Two Chemotypes ofPimenta pseudocaryophyllus(Myrtaceae)

Paula

Silva

Costa

et al. 2012

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Preparations from Pimenta pseudocaryophyllus (Gomes) L.R. Landrum (Myrtaceae) have been widely used in Brazilian folk medicine. This study aims to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the crude ethanol extracts, fractions, semipurified substances, and essential oils obtained from leaves of two chemotypes of P. pseudocaryophyllus and to perform the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory screening. The ethanol extracts were purified by column chromatography and main compounds were spectrally characterised (1D and 2D 1H and 13C NMR). The essential oils constituents were identified by GC/MS. The broth microdilution method was used for testing the antimicrobial activity. The abdominal contortions induced by acetic acid and the ear oedema induced by croton oil were used for screening of antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities, respectively. The phytochemical analysis resulted in the isolation of pentacyclic triterpenes, flavonoids, and phenol acids. The oleanolic acid showed the best profile of antibacterial activity for Gram-positive bacteria (31.2–125 μg mL−1), followed by the essential oil of the citral chemotype (62.5–250 μg mL−1). Among the semipurified substances, Ppm5, which contained gallic acid, was the most active for Candida spp. (31.2 μg mL−1) and Cryptococcus spp. (3.9–15.6 μg mL−1). The crude ethanol extract and fractions from citral chemotype showed antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects.

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“…[3][4][5][6] Since herbal plants contain natural antimicrobial substances such as alkaloids, flavones (flavonoids, flavonols, quinones), essential oils, lectins, polypeptides, phenolics, polyphenols, tannins and terpenoids, 8 they have very minimal side effects when compared with chemotherapeutic antimicrobial agents 22 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8 Currently there are about 29 Ayurvedic preparations used to treat superficial skin infections. In vitro testing has been sparsely carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of these preparations against standard strains.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro study to determine antimicrobial activity of selected Ayurvedic preparations against bacteria and fungi causing superficial skin infections

Gomes

Hewageegana

Kottahachchi

et al. 2013

Sri Lankan J Infec Dis

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The increasing antimicrobial resistance exhibited by microorganisms causing superficial skin infections has led to extensive research on the therapeutic potential of Ayurvedic preparations. Medicinal plants contain many types of naturally occurring and side effectsfree anti microbial compounds that can be effectively used against microbial infections. We tested the antimicrobial activity of twenty-eight Ayurvedic preparations used to treat superficial infections in a local Ayurvedic healthcare institution. They were tested against Trichophyton rubrum, Microsporum gypseum, Candida albicans, Malassezia furfur, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. Twelve preparations showed significant antimicrobial activity and gave inhibition zones >10 mm. Two Ayurvedic preparations (Mixture containing Terminella chebula, Terminella bellerica and Emblica officinalis and one of Terminella chebula only ) showed antimicrobial activity against all the microorganisms tested. We suggest that these two decoctions could be effectively used against all the above tested strains.

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Therapeutic Potential of Plants as Anti‐Microbials for Drug Discovery

Cited by 144 publications

References 83 publications

ANTIFUNGAL POTENTIAL OF EXTRACTS AND FRACTIONS OF Randia nitida LEAVES ON SOYBEAN PATHOGENS AND THEIR PHYTOCHEMISTRY

ANTIFUNGAL POTENTIAL OF EXTRACTS AND FRACTIONS OF Randia nitida LEAVES ON SOYBEAN PATHOGENS AND THEIR PHYTOCHEMISTRY

Phytochemical Analysis and Antimicrobial, Antinociceptive, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Two Chemotypes ofPimenta pseudocaryophyllus(Myrtaceae)

In vitro study to determine antimicrobial activity of selected Ayurvedic preparations against bacteria and fungi causing superficial skin infections

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