Therapeutic Options of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

Oryan, Ahmad; Alemzadeh, Esmat

doi:10.4172/2167-7719.1000129

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…[ 59 ] This might be because of secondary metabolites’ existence such as glycosides and steroids which are in favor of antileishmanial effect. [ 61 , 62 ] The activity of solvent fractions, ethyl acetate, and hexane fractions of C simensis leaf shows good activity against L aethiopica when compared with aqueous fractions with moderate activity. Similarly, aqueous and hexane fractions of C simensis were more active on the promastigote stage of L donovani, which is in line with earlier studies done on the antileishmanial actions of the same genus from Costa Rica and South Africa.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro antileishmanial activities of hydro-methanolic crude extracts and solvent fractions of Clematis simensis fresen leaf, and Euphorbia abyssinica latex

Worku,

Araya,

Tesfa

et al. 2024

Medicine

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As a result of increasing drug resistance, crossover resistance development, prolonged therapy, and the absence of different agents with innovative methods for implementation, the efficacy of recent antileishmanial medications is severely declining. So, it is vital to look for other medications from botanical remedies that have antileishmanial activity. The latex of Euphorbia abyssinica (E abyssinica) and the leaves of Clematis simensis fresen (C simensis) were macerated in methanol (80%). In vitro antileishmanial activity of the preparation was tried on promastigotes of Leishmania aethiopica (L aethiopica) and Leishmania donovani (L donovani) using resazurin assay, and fluorescence intensity was measured. One percent of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and media as negative control and amphotericin B as positive control were used. Additionally, hemolytic & phytochemical tests of the preparation were done. The mean and standard errors of each extract were evaluated and interpreted for statistical significance using one-way analysis of variance. From sigmoidal dose-response curves of % inhibition, half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values were determined by GraphPad Prism and Microsoft Excel; outcomes were presented as mean ± standard error of mean of triplicate trials. P < .05 was statistical significance. The phytochemical screening of C simensis and E abyssinica confirmed the existence of steroids, phenols, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids and glycosides. C simensis possesses antileishmanial activity with IC50 outcomes of 46.12 ± 0.03 and 8.18 ± 0.10 µg/mL on the promastigotes of L aethiopica and L donovani, respectively. However, E abyssinica showed stronger activity with IC50 outcomes of 16.07 ± 0.05 µg/mL and 4.82 ± 0.07 µg/mL on L aethiopica and L donovani, respectively. C simensis and E abyssinica have a less hemolytic effect on human red blood cells at low concentrations. The outcomes from this investigation demonstrated that the preparation of C simensis and E abyssinica indicated significant antileishmanial activity. Therefore, further in vivo assessment of antileishmanial, cytotoxicity activity and quantitative identification of secondary metabolites are highly recommended.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro antileishmanial activities of hydro-methanolic crude extracts and solvent fractions of Clematis simensis fresen leaf, and Euphorbia abyssinica latex

Worku,

Araya,

Tesfa

et al. 2024

Medicine

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“…In other VL foci in the Region of the Americas, the first-line treatment is MA for 20 days. A range of intervention options are recommended for the treatment of CL according to the infecting species and geographical regions: local therapy in combination with intralesional antimonials and cryotherapy, thermotherapy, phototherapy, topical ointments with PM, systemic therapy of intramuscular or intravenous antimonials, MF, fluconazole and others [ 22 ]. PKDL patients are often treated with MF for 12 weeks and antimonials for 30–60 days in the Indian subcontinent and East Africa, respectively [ 23 , 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The global procurement landscape of leishmaniasis medicines

et al. 2021

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Ensuring access to essential medicines for leishmaniasis control is challenging, as leishmaniasis is a very small and unattractive market for pharmaceutical industry. Furthermore, control programmes are severely underfunded. We conducted an analysis of global procurement of leishmaniasis medicines for the past 5 years in order to shed light on the current leishmaniasis market landscape and supply and demand dynamics. We estimated global demand of each leishmaniasis medicines, the amount of each medicine required to treat all reported cases, based on the number of cases reported to WHO and the first-line treatment regimen used in each country. Procurement data were obtained from procurement agencies, international organizations, WHO, national leishmaniasis programmes and manufacturers. Expert interviews were conducted to have a better understanding of how medicines were procured and used. The comparison of estimated need and procurement data indicated discrepancies in supply and demand at global level as well as in the most endemic countries. The extent of the gap in supply was up to 80% of the needs for one of the leishmaniasis medicines. Mismatch between supply and demand was much wider for cutaneous leishmaniasis than visceral leishmaniasis. This study presents a current picture of procurement patterns and imbalance in global supply and demand. Addressing improved access and supply barriers requires concerted and coordinated efforts at the global and national levels. Priority actions include setting up a procurement coordination mechanism among major procurers, partners and national programmes where forecasting and supply planning is jointly developed and communicated with manufacturers. In addition, continuous engagement of manufacturers and advocacy is critical to diversify the supplier base and ensure quality-assured and affordable generic medicines for leishmaniasis.

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