Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies for COVID-19 management: an update

Chavda, Vivek P.; Prajapati, Riddhi; Lathigara, Disha; Nagar, Bhumi; Kukadiya, Jay; Redwan, Elrashdy M.; Uversky, Vladimir N.; Kher, Mukesh N.; Rajvi, Patel

doi:10.1080/14712598.2022.2078160

Cited by 47 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 147 publications

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“…Biological products such as pAbs (polyclonal antibodies), mAbs (monoclonal antibodies), convalescent plasma, and hyperimmune γ-globulin are used as passive immunotherapy for the treatment of COVID-19 [ 67 ]. Repurposed mAbs are also used for the treatment, of hospitalized patients 12 years of age or older.…”

Section: Current Scenario: Transition In Covid-19 Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…USFDA approved a few mAbs for emergency use in COVID-19 including tocilizumab (TCZ), regdanvimab (CT-P59), sotrivimab (VIR-7831), SCT-401 and levilimab. The mAbs that work against various variants (alpha, beta, gamma, delta and omicron) of coronavirus include sotrovimab, tixagevimab plus and cilgavimab, casirivimab and imdevimab [ 67 ].…”

Section: Current Scenario: Transition In Covid-19 Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These factors include age above 65 years, pregnancy, immunocompromised patients, patients with comorbidities or chronic conditions like hypertension, diabetes, obesity, etc. Therefore, monoclonal antibody based treatment is appropriate for the above mentioned special groups in the population [ 67 ]. Molnupiravir-based treatment is also applicable for the patients with high risk of hospitalization, older age groups and patients with chronic health conditions.…”

Section: Sars-cov-2 Impact On Children Pregnant Women and Aged Popula...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent review of COVID-19 management: diagnosis, treatment and vaccination

et al. 2022

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The idiopathic Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic outbreak caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has reached global proportions; the World Health Organization (WHO) declared it as a public health emergency during the month of January 30, 2020. The major causes of the rise of new variants of SARS-CoV-2 are genetic mutations and recombination. Some of the variants with high infection and transmission rates are termed as variants of concern (VOCs) like currently Omicron variants. Pregnant women, aged people, and immunosuppressed and compromised patients constitute the most susceptible human population to the SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially to the new evolving VOCs. To effectively manage the pathological condition of infection, the focus should be directed towards prevention and prophylactic approach. In this narrative review, we aimed to analyze the current scenario of COVID-19 management and discuss the treatment and prevention strategies. We also focused on the complications prevalent during the COVID-19 and post-COVID period and to discuss the novel approaches developed for mitigation of the global pandemic. We have also emphasized on the COVID-19 management approaches for the special population including children, pregnant women, aged groups, and immunocompromised patients. We conclude that the advancements in therapeutic and pharmacological domains have provided opportunities to develop and design novel diagnosis, treatment, and prevention strategies. New advanced techniques such as RT-LAMP, RT-qPCR, High-Resolution Computed Tomography, etc., efficiently diagnose patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. In the case of treatment options, new drugs like paxlovid, combinations of β-lactum drugs and molnupiravir are found to be effective against even the new emerging variants. In addition, vaccination is an essential approach to prevent the infection or to reduce its severity. Vaccines for against COVID-19 from Comirnaty by Pfizer-BioNTech, SpikeVax by Moderna, and Vaxzevria by Oxford-AstraZeneca are approved and used widely. Similarly, numerous vaccines have been developed with different percentages of effectiveness against VOCs. New developments like nanotechnology and AI can be beneficial in providing an efficient and reliable solution for the suppression of SARS-CoV-2. Public health concerns can be efficiently treated by a unified scientific approach, public engagement, and better diagnosis.

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Section: Current Scenario: Transition In Covid-19 Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Current Scenario: Transition In Covid-19 Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sars-cov-2 Impact On Children Pregnant Women and Aged Popula...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent review of COVID-19 management: diagnosis, treatment and vaccination

et al. 2022

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“…As such, several therapeutic approaches are being evaluated for their effectiveness in reducing/eliminating SARS-CoV-2 viral load and reducing symptoms ( 1 – 4 ). Initially, the strategy was to repurpose existing therapeutics to allow for faster drug development ( 2 , 5 , 6 ). Several clinical trials on existing drugs have been completed, and others are in progress ( 4 , 7 – 9 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast-track development of vaccines for SARS-CoV-2: The shots that saved the world

Chavda

Vora

et al. 2022

Front. Immunol.

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In December 2019, an outbreak emerged of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which leads to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The World Health Organisation announced the outbreak a global health emergency on 30 January 2020 and by 11 March 2020 it was declared a pandemic. The spread and severity of the outbreak took a heavy toll and overburdening of the global health system, particularly since there were no available drugs against SARS-CoV-2. With an immediate worldwide effort, communication, and sharing of data, large amounts of funding, researchers and pharmaceutical companies immediately fast-tracked vaccine development in order to prevent severe disease, hospitalizations and death. A number of vaccines were quickly approved for emergency use, and worldwide vaccination rollouts were immediately put in place. However, due to several individuals being hesitant to vaccinations and many poorer countries not having access to vaccines, multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants quickly emerged that were distinct from the original variant. Uncertainties related to the effectiveness of the various vaccines against the new variants as well as vaccine specific-side effects have remained a concern. Despite these uncertainties, fast-track vaccine approval, manufacturing at large scale, and the effective distribution of COVID-19 vaccines remain the topmost priorities around the world. Unprecedented efforts made by vaccine developers/researchers as well as healthcare staff, played a major role in distributing vaccine shots that provided protection and/or reduced disease severity, and deaths, even with the delta and omicron variants. Fortunately, even for those who become infected, vaccination appears to protect against major disease, hospitalisation, and fatality from COVID-19. Herein, we analyse ongoing vaccination studies and vaccine platforms that have saved many deaths from the pandemic.

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“…Likewise, many small molecules that target the Spike protein can inhibit ACE2-Spike binding (Wang et al, 2022). In addition, monoclonal antibodies have also been studied to target different proteins for inhibition of ACE2-Spike binding (Chavda et al, 2022). However, these two strategies could be not feasible for timely application to daily prevention of virus infection due to potential harmful side effects from small compounds or antibodies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin C is an efficient natural product for prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection by targeting ACE2 in both cell and in vivo mouse models

Zuo

Zheng

Huang

et al. 2022

Preprint

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ACE2 is a major receptor for cell entry of SARS-CoV-2. Despite advances in targeting ACE2 to inhibit SARS-CoV-2's binding, how to efficiently and flexibly control ACE2 levels for prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection has not been explored. Here, we revealed Vitamin C (VitC) administration as an effective strategy to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection. VitC reduced ACE2 protein levels in a dose-dependent manner, while partial reduction of ACE2 can greatly restrict SARS-CoV-2 infection. Further studies uncovered that USP50 is a crucial regulator of ACE2 protein levels, and VitC blocks the USP50-ACE2 interaction, thus promoting K48-linked polyubiquitination at Lys788 and degradation of ACE2, without disrupting ACE2 transcriptional expression. Importantly, VitC administration reduced host ACE2 and largely blocked SARS-CoV-2 infection in mice. This study identified an in vivo ACE2 balance controlled by both USP50 and an essential nutrient VitC, and revealed a critical role and application of VitC in daily protection from SARS-CoV-2 infection.

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Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies for COVID-19 management: an update

Cited by 47 publications

References 147 publications

Recent review of COVID-19 management: diagnosis, treatment and vaccination

Recent review of COVID-19 management: diagnosis, treatment and vaccination

Fast-track development of vaccines for SARS-CoV-2: The shots that saved the world

Vitamin C is an efficient natural product for prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection by targeting ACE2 in both cell and in vivo mouse models

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