Therapeutic enhancement of newly derived bacteriocins against Giardia lamblia

Amer, Eglal I.; Mossallam, Shereen F.; Mahrous, Hoda

doi:10.1016/j.exppara.2014.09.005

Cited by 34 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…In this trend, the number of reports concerning bacteriocins as antiprotozoal agents (20)(21)(22)(23) is surprisingly lower than that of reports aiming at other eukaryotic targets such as fungi (24)(25)(26) or even tumoral cells (27)(28)(29).…”

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confidence: 76%

Enterocin AS-48 as Evidence for the Use of Bacteriocins as New Leishmanicidal Agents

Abengózar

Cebrián

Saugar

et al. 2017

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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We report the feasibility of enterocin AS-48, a circular cationic peptide produced by Enterococcus faecalis, as a new leishmanicidal agent. AS-48 is lethal to Leishmania promastigotes as well as to axenic and intracellular amastigotes at low micromolar concentrations, with scarce cytotoxicity to macrophages. AS-48 induced a fast bioenergetic collapse of L. donovani promastigotes but only a partial permeation of their plasma membrane with limited entrance of vital dyes, even at concentrations beyond its full lethality. Fluoresceinated AS-48 was visualized inside parasites by confocal microscopy and seen to cause mitochondrial depolarization and reactive oxygen species production. Altogether, AS-48 appeared to have a mixed leishmanicidal mechanism that includes both plasma membrane permeabilization and additional intracellular targets, with mitochondrial dysfunctionality being of special relevance. This complex leishmanicidal mechanism of AS-48 persisted even for the killing of intracellular amastigotes, as evidenced by transmission electron microscopy. We demonstrated the potentiality of AS-48 as a new and safe leishmanicidal agent, expanding the growing repertoire of eukaryotic targets for bacteriocins, and our results provide a proof of mechanism for the search of new leishmanicidal bacteriocins, whose diversity constitutes an almost endless source for new structures at moderate production cost and whose safe use on food preservation is well established.

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mentioning

confidence: 76%

Enterocin AS-48 as Evidence for the Use of Bacteriocins as New Leishmanicidal Agents

Abengózar

Cebrián

Saugar

et al. 2017

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…Recently observations indicate that a bacteriocin produced by the probiotic strain L. acidophilus P106 significantly reduces trophozoite's burden in vivo by acting on host enterocyte structure. 115 Regarding the anti-microbial properties of lactobacilli, several other factors should be taken into account: (i) adhesion factors such as lipoprotein and the adhesin B (L. acidophilus, L. johnsonii and L. gasseri) which confer a better attachment to the mucosa and a competitive advantage (ii) the ability of lactobacilli to detoxify bile via bile salt hydrolase activity, ensuring persistence in the bile-rich duodenum; this is associated with the accumulation of deconjugated bile in the lumen, which is cytotoxic to trophozoites, 110 and (iii) competition for essential nutrients for Giardia growth such as L-arginine, cholesterol, purine nucleobases, and nucleosides. 116 Finally, some probiotic strains can influence the attachment of entheropathogens via steric hindrance on enterocyte receptors.…”

Section: Anti-giardial Effect Of Commensalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions ofGiardia sp.with the intestinal barrier: Epithelium, mucus, and microbiota

et al. 2017

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Understanding how intestinal enteropathogens cause acute and chronic alterations has direct animal and human health perspectives. Significant advances have been made on this field by studies focusing on the dynamic crosstalk between the intestinal protozoan parasite model Giardia duodenalis and the host intestinal mucosa. The concept of intestinal barrier function is of the highest importance in the context of many gastrointestinal diseases such as infectious enteritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and post-infectious gastrointestinal disorders. This crucial function relies on 3 biotic and abiotic components, first the commensal microbiota organized as a biofilm, then an overlaying mucus layer, and finally the tightly structured intestinal epithelium. Herein we review multiple strategies used by Giardia parasite to circumvent these 3 components. We will summarize what is known and discuss preliminary observations suggesting how such enteropathogen directly and/ or indirectly impairs commensal microbiota biofilm architecture, disrupts mucus layer and damages host epithelium physiology and survival.

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“…Concurrently, these Lactobacillus species enhance pro-inflammatory responses and improve histopathological parameters [ 142 – 144 ]. Furthermore, bacteriocins produced by L. acidophilus (P106) and L. plantarum (P164) reduced parasite adhesion [ 145 , 146 ]. The fermented milk product kefir, which contains a combination of lactic acid bacteria (lactobacillus, lactococci, and Leuconostoc ), acetic acid bacteria, and yeast, protected mice against G. lamblia trophozoite infection and enhanced pro-inflammatory responses, including IFN-γ and TNF-α, with a decrease in CD4 + T-cell expansion [ 147 ].…”

Section: Determining How Giardia Causes Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in understanding Giardia: determinants and mechanisms of chronic sequelae

Bartelt¹,

Sartor²

2015

F1000Prime Rep

124

129

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Giardia lamblia is a flagellated protozoan that is the most common cause of intestinal parasitic infection in children living in resource-limited settings. The pathogenicity of Giardia has been debated since the parasite was first identified, and clinical outcomes vary across studies. Among recent perplexing findings are diametrically opposed associations between Giardia and acute versus persistent diarrhea and a poorly understood potential for long-term sequelae, including impaired child growth and cognitive development. The mechanisms driving these protean clinical outcomes remain elusive, but recent advances suggest that variability in Giardia strains, host nutritional status, the composition of microbiota, co-infecting enteropathogens, host genetically determined mucosal immune responses, and immune modulation by Giardia are all relevant factors influencing disease manifestations after Giardia infection.

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Therapeutic enhancement of newly derived bacteriocins against Giardia lamblia

Cited by 34 publications

References 49 publications

Enterocin AS-48 as Evidence for the Use of Bacteriocins as New Leishmanicidal Agents

Enterocin AS-48 as Evidence for the Use of Bacteriocins as New Leishmanicidal Agents

Interactions ofGiardia sp.with the intestinal barrier: Epithelium, mucus, and microbiota

Advances in understanding Giardia: determinants and mechanisms of chronic sequelae

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