Therapeutic efficacy of oxime reactivators in fenitrothion toxicity in buffalo calves (Bubalus bubalis)

Srivastava, A. K.; Malik, Jitendra K.

doi:10.1556/004.49.2001.2.13

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…25,26 Oral fenitrothion toxicity was studied at Bubalus bubalis by Srivastava and Malik with 1 and diacetylmonooxime (DAM). 27 A combination of DAM and atropine was shown to be more effective than 1, and atropine for the reactivation of erythrocyte and plasma AChE and serum carboxylesterase. Moretto and Lotti studied isophenphos and phoxim toxicity in hens and humans using 1 in combination with atropine.…”

Section: Pralidoxime In the Treatment Of Opp Poisoningmentioning

confidence: 96%

Design, evaluation and structure—Activity relationship studies of the AChE reactivators against organophosphorus pesticides

Musílek

Doležal

Gunn‐Moore

et al. 2011

Medicinal Research Reviews

113

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Organophosphate pesticides (OPPs; e.g. chlorpyrifos, diazinon, paraoxon) are a wide and heterogeneous group of organophosphorus compounds. Their biological activity of inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (AChE) or butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) ranks them as life endangering agents. The necessary treatment after OPP exposure involves the use of parasympatolytics (e.g. atropine), oxime reactivators (e.g. obidoxime), and anticonvulsive drugs (e.g. diazepam). Therefore, the reactivators of AChE are essential compounds in the treatment of OPP intoxications. Commercial AChE reactivators (e.g. pralidoxime, HI-6, obidoxime, trimedoxime, methoxime) were originally developed for other members of the organophosphate family, such as nerve agents (e.g. sarin, soman, tabun, VX). Pralidoxime, HI-6, and methoxime were found to be weak reactivators of OPP-inhibited AChE. Obidoxime and trimedoxime showed satisfactory reactivation against various OPPs with minor toxicity issues. During the last two decades, the treatment of OPP exposure has become more widely discussed because of growing agricultural production, industrialization, and harmful social issues (e.g. suicides). In this review is the summarized design, evaluation, and structure-activity relationship studies of recently produced AChE reactivators. Since pralidoxime, over 300 oximes have been produced or tested against OPP poisoning, and several novel compounds show very promising abilities as comparable (or higher) to commercial oximes. Some of these are highlighted for their further testing of OPP exposure and, additionally, the main structure-activity relationship of AChE reactivators against OPP is discussed.

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Section: Pralidoxime In the Treatment Of Opp Poisoningmentioning

confidence: 96%