Therapeutic Efficacy of Melatonin Against Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) Induced by Letrozole in Wistar Rat

Basheer, Muddasir; Rai, Seema; Ghosh, Hindole; Hajam, Younis Ahmad

doi:10.3923/pjbs.2018.340.347

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Consistent with the results of this study, MT levels in the cystic follicles of gilts were lower than in control follicles. A significantly decreased expression was observed for the MT2 receptor in PCOS induced by letrozole in rats [23], and the mRNA expressions of MT1 and MT2 decreased in the theca cells of cystic follicles in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

“…Therefore, MT has important paracrine effects in the female reproductive system. A significantly decreased expression was observed for the MT2 receptor in PCOS induced by letrozole in rats [23], and the mRNA expressions of MT1 and MT2 decreased in the theca cells of cystic follicles. Cortisol and MT are involved in regulating follicular development and maintain the follicular microenvironment through glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) and melatonin receptors (MTRs), respectively [24,25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

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Alterations of Cortisol and Melatonin Production by the Theca Interna Cells of Porcine Cystic Ovarian Follicles

Qin

Bai

Dai

et al. 2022

Animals

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(1) Background: Cortisol and melatonin (MT) act in regulating follicular development. We hypothesized that abnormal levels of cortisol, MT, and steroids in theca interna cells might be involved in the development of follicular cysts in sows. (2) Methods: To test this hypothesis, we measured the mRNA levels of enzymes involved in steroid hormone synthesis, the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), and melatonin receptors (MTRs) in theca interna cells of cystic and normal porcine follicles. (3) Results: The concentrations of estradiol, progesterone, and cortisol were greater in cystic follicles than in control ones (p = 0.034, p = 0.020, p = 0.000), but the concentration of MT was significantly lower (p = 0.045). The levels of GR, 11β-HSD1, and 11β-HSD2 were higher in cystic follicles than in control l follicles. MT types 1 and 2 were significantly lower in cystic follicles (p < 0.05). The mRNA expression levels of genes encoding the steroid hormone synthesis enzymes, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), recombinant cytochrome P45011A1 (CYP11A1), and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) in theca interna cells of cystic follicles were significantly higher than in control follicles. Thus, there was disruption of hormone secretion in the fluid of cystic follicles in sows. (4) Conclusions: The levels of steroid hormones, cortisol and MT are disrupted in porcine cystic follicles.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Alterations of Cortisol and Melatonin Production by the Theca Interna Cells of Porcine Cystic Ovarian Follicles

Qin

Bai

Dai

et al. 2022

Animals

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“…Thus, the application of melatonin results in the normalisation of melatonin, cytokine (MT1, MT2 and IL-2R, IL-6R, respectively) and Er-α (estrogen) receptors, lowering levels of IL-6 and TNFα. The described mechanism implies regulatory crosstalk between melatonin receptors (MT1R/MT2R) and cytokinin receptors (IL-2R, IL-6R), modulating Er-α expression [95].…”

Section: Mouse Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Chronic Inflammation in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Dabravolski

Nikiforov

Eid

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine–metabolic disorder affecting a vast population worldwide; it is linked with anovulation, mitochondrial dysfunctions and hormonal disbalance. Mutations in mtDNA have been identified in PCOS patients and likely play an important role in PCOS aetiology and pathogenesis; however, their causative role in PCOS development requires further investigation. As a low-grade chronic inflammation disease, PCOS patients have permanently elevated levels of inflammatory markers (TNF-α, CRP, IL-6, IL-8, IL-18). In this review, we summarise recent data regarding the role of mtDNA mutations and mitochondrial malfunctions in PCOS pathogenesis. Furthermore, we discuss recent papers dedicated to the identification of novel biomarkers for early PCOS diagnosis. Finally, traditional and new mitochondria-targeted treatments are discussed. This review intends to emphasise the key role of oxidative stress and chronic inflammation in PCOS pathogenesis; however, the exact molecular mechanism is mostly unknown and requires further investigation.

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“…As critical endogenous messenger melatonin may have a role in restoring circadian rhythmicity in disrupted ovarian cells of PCOS [85,86]. Acting as a rhythm synchronizer, melatonin has been shown to regulate central and peripheral clock genes [87][88][89].…”

Section: Melatonin Clock Genes and Gonadotropins Disruption: The Case Of Pcosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melatonin, Clock Genes, and Mammalian Reproduction: What Is the Link?

Brzezinski

Rai

Purohit

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Physiological processes and behaviors in many mammals are rhythmic. Recently there has been increasing interest in the role of circadian rhythmicity in the control of reproductive function. The circadian rhythm of the pineal hormone melatonin plays a role in synchronizing the reproductive responses of animals to environmental light conditions. There is some evidence that melatonin may have a role in the biological regulation of circadian rhythms and reproduction in humans. Moreover, circadian rhythms and clock genes appear to be involved in optimal reproductive performance. These rhythms are controlled by an endogenous molecular clock within the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the hypothalamus, which is entrained by the light/dark cycle. The SCN synchronizes multiple subsidiary oscillators (clock genes) existing in various tissues throughout the body. The basis for maintaining the circadian rhythm is a molecular clock consisting of transcriptional/translational feedback loops. Circadian rhythms and clock genes appear to be involved in optimal reproductive performance. This mini review summarizes the current knowledge regarding the interrelationships between melatonin and the endogenous molecular clocks and their involvement in reproductive physiology (e.g., ovulation) and pathophysiology (e.g., polycystic ovarian syndrome).

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Therapeutic Efficacy of Melatonin Against Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) Induced by Letrozole in Wistar Rat

Cited by 12 publications

References 28 publications

Alterations of Cortisol and Melatonin Production by the Theca Interna Cells of Porcine Cystic Ovarian Follicles

Alterations of Cortisol and Melatonin Production by the Theca Interna Cells of Porcine Cystic Ovarian Follicles

Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Chronic Inflammation in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Melatonin, Clock Genes, and Mammalian Reproduction: What Is the Link?

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