Therapeutic efficacy and safety of undenatured type‐II collagen (UC‐II) alone or in combination with (−)‐hydroxycitric acid and chromemate in arthritic dogs¹

Anti-Arthritic Efficacy And Safety Of Crominex® 3+ (Trivalent Chromium, Phyllanthus emblica Extract, And Shilajit) In Moderately Arthritic Dogs

“…Pain from limb manipulation was graded on a scale of 0-4 (0, no pain; 1, mild pain; 2, moderate pain; 3, severe pain; and 4, severe and constant pain). Details of pain measurement criteria are described in the text and our previous publications [19][20][21][22][23].…”

“…Each canine was also evaluated for popping and cracking of the joint as well as vocalization due to pain. Detailed criteria of the measurement of pain are provided in our previous publications [19][20][21][22][23]. The present investigation was carried out on moderately arthritic dogs.…”

“…The placebo group contained only two dogs because IACUC advised us to keep to a minimum number of dogs due to the fact that arthritic dogs suffer from inflammation and pain for a period of five months. Moreover, findings of our previous studies revealed that dogs receiving placebo showed no improvement in arthritis pain [19][20][21][22][23]. Nine dogs in Group-II received Crominex 3+ (500µg of trivalent chromium, 7.5 mg Phyllanthus emblica extract, and 7.5 mg purified Shilajit) twice daily (one capsule before morning meal and one capsule before evening meal) for a period of five months.…”

“…Pain after limb manipulation, on a scale of 0-4, was evaluated as: 0, no pain; 1, mild pain; 2, moderate pain; 3, severe pain; and 4, severe and constant pain. Pain after physical exertion, on a disease modifying agents and physical therapy with acupuncture have been used [19][20][21][22][23][31][32][33][34][35]. In the recent past, to manage OA in canine patients, most veterinarians have commonly used cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibiting non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS), such as deracoxib, etodolac, carprofen, firocoxib, ketoprofen, meloxicam, rofecoxib, tepoxalin and others [36,37].…”

“…These cascading events lead to increased friction and inflammation in the joints. To date, there are no serum, urinary or synovial biomarkers that are specific and validated for OA [18].Common signs and symptoms associated with OA in dogs include limping, immobility, stiffness of joints, crepitus, periarticular swelling, palpable effusion, pain upon manipulation of the joint and lameness [10,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. The diagnosis of OA in canine patients is based upon history, physical exam and radiographic evidence.…”