Therapeutic effects on cancer of the active ingredients in rhizoma paridis

Abstract

Cancer is a major threat to human health, with high mortality and a low cure rate, continuously challenging public health worldwide. Extensive clinical application of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for patients with poor outcomes of radiotherapy and chemotherapy provides a new direction in anticancer therapy. Anticancer mechanisms of the active ingredients in TCM have also been extensively studied in the medical field. As a type of TCM against cancer, Rhizoma Paridis (Chinese name: Chonglou) has important antitumor effects in clinical application. The main active ingredients of Rhizoma Paridis (e.g., total saponins, polyphyllin I, polyphyllin II, polyphyllin VI, and polyphyllin VII) have shown strong antitumor activities in various cancers, such as breast cancer, lung cancer, colorectal cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and gastric cancer. Rhizoma Paridis also has low concentrations of certain other active ingredients with antitumor effects, such as saponins polyphyllin E, polyphyllin H, Paris polyphylla-22, gracillin, and formosanin-C. Many researchers have studied the anticancer mechanism of Rhizoma Paridis and its active ingredients. This review article describes research progress regarding the molecular mechanism and antitumor effects of the active ingredients in Rhizoma Paridis, suggesting that various active ingredients in Rhizoma Paridis may be potentially therapeutic against cancer.

Polyphyllin I suppresses the gastric cancer growth by promoting cancer cell ferroptosis

“…Polyphyllin I (PPI), a natural ingredient extracted from the root of Paris polyphylla , has been shown to exert antitumor effects on various cancers, including the gastric cancer ( Tian et al, 2020a ). Polyphyllin series, including PPI, can be derived from Rhizoma paridis and are also anti-tumorous ( Li et al, 2023 ). Mechanistically, PPI activated the AMPK or p21/CDK2/Rb pathway to inhibit the growth of non-small cell lung cancer ( Wu et al, 2020 ; Shen et al, 2021 ), suppressed the tumoral angiogenesis through the Twist1/VE-cadherin pathway, and induced apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma ( Shi et al, 2015 ; Xiao et al, 2018 ; Zeng et al, 2020 ).…”

Paris saponin VII reverses resistance to PARP inhibitors by regulating ovarian cancer tumor angiogenesis and glycolysis through the RORα/ECM1/VEGFR2 signaling axis

“…Traditional Chinese medicine believes that Chonglou has the effect of clearing heat and detoxifying the body. It has been widely used in clinical cancer treatment in traditional Chinese medicine, with extensive clinical practice showing its cytotoxic effects against tumors 29 . Modern pharmacology also suggests that the active monomer PS VII in Chonglou inhibits tumor growth by inhibiting the cell cycle, inducing autophagy, and promoting cell apoptosis.…”

Silk Nanofiber Carriers for Both Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Drugs to Achieve Improved Combination Chemotherapy

“…[3][4][5] Many nanocarriers such as liposomes, polymersomes, nanoparticles, and nanogels have been designed to contain both hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains, facilitating the simultaneous loading of multiple drugs. [6][7][8][9] Effective tumor suppression was achieved through co-delivery of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs from these novel nanovehicle systems, however, complex and time-consuming fabrication processes are required, along with challenges with the stability of these nanocarriers. Thus, the need remains to prepare these vehicles with multiple drug loading capacity through simpler, controllable, and allaqueous processes while nanocarriers that are stable over a range of conditions but yet fully degradable in vivo.…”