Therapeutic effects of stemonine on particulate matter 2.5‑induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in mice

Abstract

Abstract. Particulate matter 2.5 (PM 2.5 ) is a growing concern worldwide due to its association with respiratory diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Stemonine, a traditional Chinese herb, has been demonstrated to exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, making it a potential drug for the treatment of respiratory diseases. The therapeutic effects of stemonine on mice with PM 2.5 -induced COPD were investigated in the present study. Kunming mice were randomly divided into the following five groups (n=10/group): Control, model, low-dose stemonine, moderate-dose stemonine and high-dose stemonine. The model mice received an intranasal instillation of PM 2.5 suspension (40 mg/kg). The levels of specific enzymes, markers of oxidative stress, and the inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 were measured in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of the mice using ELISA kits. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed to determine inflammatory changes to the lung tissue. It was demonstrated that stemonine could significantly alleviate lung injury by decreasing the levels of enzymes and cytokines associated with inflammation and oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, stemonine dose-dependently increased the amount of superoxide dismutase. These results suggest that stemonine reduces lung inflammation in mice with PM 2.5 -induced COPD, providing a novel approach for the treatment of PM 2.5 -induced respiratory diseases.

Aesculetin Inhibits Airway Thickening and Mucus Overproduction Induced by Urban Particulate Matter through Blocking Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Involving TLR4 and EGFR

“…This study found that plant-derived aesculetin attenuated uPM 10 -induced oxidative stress and inflammation, accompanying reduction of neutrophilia and lymphocytosis in BALF. Antioxidants may alleviate the adverse effects of PM on chronic diseases [ 19 , 24 , 25 ]. Aesculetin attenuates alveolar injury and fibrosis induced by macrophage-derived inflammation [ 29 ].…”

“…Since PM is associated with inflammatory respiratory diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma, potential nutrients and supplements with an anti-inflammatory property have been suggested for their prevention and treatment [ 22 , 23 ]. For example, stemonine, a traditional Chinese herb, reduces lung inflammation in mice with PM 2.5 -induced COPD, providing a novel approach for the treatment of PM2.5-induced respiratory diseases [ 24 ]. In addition, the harmful effects of PM on respiratory diseases may be ameliorated by safe and effective natural antioxidants [ 24 ].…”

“…For example, stemonine, a traditional Chinese herb, reduces lung inflammation in mice with PM 2.5 -induced COPD, providing a novel approach for the treatment of PM2.5-induced respiratory diseases [ 24 ]. In addition, the harmful effects of PM on respiratory diseases may be ameliorated by safe and effective natural antioxidants [ 24 ]. Experimental studies have shown that natural plant compounds have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects on PM-exposed target cells [ 25 ].…”

Efficacy, Mechanism, and Safety of Herbal Medicine for Respiratory Disease Induced by Particulate Matter: a Protocol for a Scoping Review

“…However, there are few studies on lung disease induced by PM. Although some animal model experimental studies conducted sporadically for respiratory diseases induced by PM have demonstrated the mechanisms and effectiveness of herbal medicine [17][18][19][20];…”

Inhale, exhale: Why particulate matter exposure in animal models are so acute? Data and facts behind the history

“… [53] Intranasal instillation The therapeutic effects of stemonine on mice with PM 2.5 -induced COPD were investigated in the present study. [54] Intranasal instillation To test our hypothesis that cardiovascular diseases associated with sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), or PM 2.5 exposure are the result of increased heart rate (HR), decreased blood pressure (BP) and enhanced systemic inflammation. [55] Intratracheal instillation The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of PM 10 on electrocardiogram (ECG) parameters, blood pressure, lipid peroxidation (MDA), xanthine oxidase, and antioxidant enzyme in healthy rats and also to examine the protective effects of vanillic acid (VA) in this respect.…”