Therapeutic Effects of Hydroalcoholic Extracts from the Ancient Apple Mela Rosa dei Monti Sibillini in Transient Global Ischemia in Rats

Abstract

The Mela Rosa dei Monti Sibillini is an ancient apple variety cultivated by Romans in the foothills of the Sibillini Mountains, central Italy, showing potential as a source of nutraceuticals. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of the hydroalcoholic extracts from the peel (APE) and pulp (APP) of this fruit in an animal model of transient global ischemia. Chemical constituents were analyzed by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-DAD-MSn) indicating several polyphenols such as B-type procyanidins, quercetin derivatives and hydroxycinnamic acids as the main bioactive components. Acute pre-treatment of extracts (30 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly decreased the brain levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β (p < 0.01) and TNF-α (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01 for APE and APP, respectively), the expression of caspase-3 (p < 0.01, For APE) and MDA (p < 0.05), a lipid peroxidation biomarker in rats. Both extracts restricted the pathological changes of the brain induced by ischemic stroke in hematoxylin and eosin assay. Moreover, they improved the scores of behavioral tests in grid-walking and modified neurological severity scores (mNSS) tests. In conclusion, these results proved this ancient Italian apple is a source of nutraceuticals able to protect/prevent damage from brain ischemia.

Three Dimensional-Arterial Spin Labeling Evaluation of Improved Cerebral Perfusion After Limb Remote Ischemic Preconditioning in a Rat Model of Focal Ischemic Stroke

“…Vascular wall lesions and hemodynamic changes are the main factors in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke ( Thon and Jovin, 2021 ; Zhang et al, 2021 ), which is consistent with our results. On the basis of atherosclerosis, hemodynamic changes, cerebral perfusion, decreased embolus clearance and decreased establishment of collateral circulation in the ischemic area, brain cells become hypoxic and apoptotic, forming a central necrotic area and a surrounding ischemic penumbra ( Yousefi-Manesh et al, 2021 ); this process is accompanied by excessive release of free radicals, intracellular calcium overload, and excitatory amino acid toxicity, resulting in neuronal damage ( Catanese et al, 2017 ; Uzdensky, 2019 ). Therefore, neuroprotective therapy is particularly important in the treatment of AIS.…”

“…Another independent group of MCAO and LRP mice was scored on the modified Neurological Severity Scale (mNSS) ( Yousefi-Manesh et al, 2021 ). The mNSS was applied to determine neurological function by a researcher blinded to the experimental groups.…”

Effectiveness of food concentrate phenolic compounds of apples in experimental membrane pathologies

“…The results obtained in the experiment correspond with the literature data that the polyphenolic compounds contained in the studied concentrate are able to normalize the antioxidant-prooxidant balance, resulting in LPO inhibition. Thus, marked suppression of oxidative stress (decrease in the content of reactive oxygen species and nitrogen and TBA reactants, as well as increased activity and expression of antioxidant enzyme genes) in various tissues with different pathologies is accompanied by prooxidantantioxidant balance (Xiang et al, 2017;Sedlak et al, 2018;Chang et al, 2021;Yousefi-Manesh et al, 2021). The ability of Concentrate to inhibit ascorbate induced LPO may be related to the binding of iron ions by polyphenols, which are required for induction of LPO by ascorbate.…”

“…The antiapoptotic (Liu et al, 2021) and antitumour (Martino et al, 2019) activities of apple fruit concentrates have also been demonstrated. In addition, prophylactic administration of apple polyphenols has been shown to reduce pathological changes caused by cerebral ischemia (Yousefi-Manesh et al, 2021), can prevent lung disease development and progression (Birru et al, 2021) and liver fatty infiltration (Xu et al, 2019).…”

The Protective Effects of Pistacia Atlantica Gum in a Rat Model of Aluminum Chloride-Induced Alzheimer’s Disease via Affecting BDNF and NF-kB

“…Next, sections were dehydrated in ethanol and xylene, then covered with a fluorescent mounting medium. The sections were observed under an Olympus BX50 fluorescence microscope ( 39 ).…”