Therapeutic Effects of Cold-Pressed Perilla Oil Mainly Consisting of Linolenic acid, Oleic Acid and Linoleic Acid on UV-Induced Photoaging in NHDF Cells and SKH-1 Hairless Mice

Abstract

Positive physiological benefits of several plant oils on the UV-induced photoaging have been reported in some cell lines and model mice, but perilla oil collected from the seeds of Perilla frutescens L. has not been investigated in this context. To study the therapeutic effects of cold-pressed perilla oil (CPO) on UV-induced photoaging in vitro and in vivo, UV-induced cellular damage and cutaneous photoaging were assessed in normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs) and HR-1 hairless mice. CPO contained five major fatty acids including linolenic acid (64.11%), oleic acid (16.34%), linoleic acid (11.87%), palmitic acid (5.06%), and stearic acid (2.48%). UV-induced reductions in NHDF cell viability, ROS production, SOD activity, and G2/M cell cycle arrest were remarkably improved in UV + CPO treated NHDF cells as compared with UV + Vehicle treated controls. Also, UV-induced increases in MMP-1 protein and galactosidase levels were remarkably suppressed by CPO. In UV-radiated hairless mice, topical application of CPO inhibited an increase in wrinkle formation, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), erythema value, hydration and melanin index on dorsal skin of UVB-irradiated hairless mice. CPO was observed to similarly suppress UV-induced increases in epidermal thickness, mast cell numbers, and galactosidase and MMP-3 mRNA levels. These results suggest CPO has therapeutic potential in terms of protecting against skin photoaging by regulating skin morphology, histopathology and oxidative status.

Inflammatory Molecules Associated with Ultraviolet Radiation-Mediated Skin Aging

“…It has been demonstrated that UVB exposure disrupted the epidermal barrier function in male hairless Balb/c mice in a dose-dependent manner [ 34 , 35 ], and skin barrier disruption can lead to acute inflammatory response or exacerbation of chronic inflammatory skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis [ 36 ]. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) is commonly known as a parameter for measuring skin barrier disruption and many reports have confirmed that different UV doses can cause increase of TEWL in murine and human samples [ 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 ]. In epidermis, there are several inflammatory signaling pathways connected to different surface receptors, such as the EGFR [ 41 ], transforming growth factor receptors (TGFR) [ 42 , 43 ], toll-like receptors (TLRs) [ 44 ], IL-1 receptor, and TNF receptor (TNFR) [ 45 , 46 , 47 ].…”

Inhibitory Effect of a Rosmarinic Acid-Enriched Fraction Prepared from Nga-Mon (Perilla frutescens) Seed Meal on Osteoclastogenesis through the RANK Signaling Pathway

“…reported that the composition of lipids and fatty acids in Thai perilla seeds significantly varied among samples collected from different locations [ 18 , 19 ]. In addition to fatty acids, perilla seed is also a rich source of polyphenolic compounds such as RA, apigenin, and luteolin (which exhibits antioxidants), and possesses anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antialdoreductase, and alpha-glucosidase-inhibitory activities [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. Commercially, perilla seed and its products are used in the health-food industry.…”

Molecular Mechanism of Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Perilla Seed Oil and Rosmarinic Acid Rich Fraction Extracted from Perilla Seed Meal on TNF-α Induced A549 Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells

“…These findings are consistent with those reported previously. It was found that cold-pressed PSO mainly consisting of ω-3 fatty acid reduced the ROS production induced by ultraviolet radiation in normal human dermal fibroblasts [53], and the EA fraction from PSM, which contained high quantities of RA, inhibited ROS production in RANKL-induced RAW 264.7 cells [54]. Our results suggest that both PSO and RA-RF have antioxidant ability and equally inhibit ROS generation.…”