Therapeutic effects of aerobic and resistance exercises for cancer survivors: a systematic review of meta-analyses of clinical trials

Fuller, Joel T.; Hartland, Michael C; Maloney, Luke T; Davison, Kade

doi:10.1136/bjsports-2017-098285

Cited by 120 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 80 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…Specifically, a recent publication reported that 140 meta-analyses have been published to date, with the majority (75%) showing statistically significant and clinically relevant benefit through exercise on a range of treatment-related side effects, physical, functional, and psychosocial outcomes. 3 Our own review (date: 18/7/17; search terms: (("exercise"[MeSH Terms] OR "exercise"[All Fields]) AND ("neoplasms"[MeSH Terms] OR "neoplasms"[All Fields])) AND ("2009"[PDAT] AND Review[ptyp])) identified more than 140 systematic reviews or meta-analyses and more than 90 nonsystematic reviews on new or emerging topics. There now exists evidence of varying strength on the safety, feasibility and/or efficacy of exercise throughout the cancer continuum in a range of cancers, including but not limited to, more common cancers such as breast, 4 prostate, 5 colorectal 6 and lung 7 cancer, as well as other cancers including haematological, 8 head and neck, 9 cancers of childhood and adolescence, 10 and gynaecological cancers, 11,12 and less common cancers such as brain, 13 testicular 14 and pancreatic.…”

Section: Evidence Of Exercise Benefit Following a Cancer Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Exercise and Sports Science Australia position statement: Exercise medicine in cancer management

Hayes

Newton

Spence

et al. 2019

Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport

324

325

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Objectives: Since Exercise and Sports Science Australia (ESSA) first published its position statement on exercise guidelines for people with cancer, there has been exponential growth in research evaluating the role of exercise pre-, during and post-cancer treatment. Design and Methods: The purpose of this report is to use the current scientific evidence, alongside clinical experience and exercise science principles to update ESSA's position statement on cancer-specific exercise prescription. Results: Reported in this position statement is a summary of the benefits accrued through exercise following a cancer diagnosis and the strengths and limitations of this evidence-base. An exercise prescription framework is then proposed to enable the application of cancer-specific considerations for individualisation, specificity, safety, feasibility and progression of exercise for all patients. Additional specific exercise prescription considerations are provided for the presence of haematological, musculoskeletal, systemic, cardiovascular, lymphatic, gastrointestinal, genitourinary and neurological disease-and treatment-related concerns, as well as presence of co-morbid chronic disease. Further, we also identify and discuss cancer-specific pragmatic issues and barriers requiring consideration for exercise prescription. Conclusions: While for the majority, multimodal, moderate to high intensity exercise will be appropriate, there is no set prescription and total weekly dosage that would be considered evidence-based for all cancer patients. Targeted exercise prescription, which includes the provision of behaviour change advice and support, is needed to ensure greatest benefit (as defined by the patient) in the short and longer term, with low risk of harm.

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Section: Evidence Of Exercise Benefit Following a Cancer Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Exercise and Sports Science Australia position statement: Exercise medicine in cancer management

Hayes

Newton

Spence

et al. 2019

Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport

324

325

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Aerobic and resistance exercise likely have an important role in the management of physical function, mental health, general wellbeing and HRQoL in cancer survivors [18]. Moreover, the inclusion of resistance training has proven to improve body composition in cancer patients, maintaining lean body mass (LBM) and reducing body fat [19], and exercise benefits seem to be maximized when interventions are supervised [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concurrent Exercise Interventions in Breast Cancer Survivors with Cancer-related Fatigue

et al. 2020

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This study compared the effects of two supervised concurrent training interventions in breast cancer survivors with cancer-related fatigue at baseline. Twenty-three female breast cancer survivors (50±8 years) were randomized to a high- (n=13) or a moderate-intensity (n=10) training program. Both interventions lasted 16 weeks and included the same resistance exercises, but the aerobic component was supervised and more intense in the former (i.e., rating of perceived exertion of 7–8 vs. 6 on a 1–10 scale for the high and moderate-intensity intervention, respectively). The primary endpoint was fatigue perception. Endpoints were assessed at baseline and after 16 weeks. The p-value for statistical significance was set at 0.004 after Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. The high-intensity training program increased lower-limb muscle strength significantly (p=0.002) and tended to improve fatigue perception (p=0.006), waist circumference (p=0.013), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (p=0.028) and some quality of life items (p=0.011). Although the moderate-intensity training program did not provide such benefits in general (i.e., higher p-values for pre vs post-intervention comparisons), no significant differences were found between interventions (all p>0.004). Further research is needed to elucidate if the benefits provided by high-intensity concurrent training are superior to those elicited by moderate-intensity training in breast cancer survivors.

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“…The exercise oncology literature has recently been summarized in a systematic review of 679 exercise intervention studies of 50.112 mainly adult patients suffering from 25 different types of cancer (12). This review and other reviews on exercise and cancer (24)(25)(26)(27) conclude that:…”

Section: Effects Of Exercise Training In Cancer Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise as a Potential Intervention to Modulate Cancer Outcomes in Children and Adults?

et al. 2020

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Exercise is recommended for the healthy population as it increases fitness and prevents diseases. Moreover, exercise is also applied as an adjunct therapy for patients with various chronic diseases including cancer. Childhood cancer is a rare, heterogeneous disease that differs from adult cancer. Improved therapeutic strategies have increased childhood cancer survival rates to above 80% in developed countries. Although this is higher than the average adult cancer survival rate of about 50%, therapy results often in substantial long-term side effects in childhood cancer survivors. Exercise in adult cancer patients has many beneficial effects and may slow down tumor progression and improve survival in some cancer types, suggesting that exercise may influence cancer cell behavior. In contrast to adults, there is not much data on general effects of exercise in children. Whilst it seems possible that exercise might delay cancer progression or improve survival in children as well, there is no reliable data yet to support this hypothesis. Depending on the type of cancer, animal studies of adult cancer types show that the exercise-induced increase of the catecholamines epinephrine and norepinephrine, have suppressive as well as promoting effects on cancer cells. The diverse effects of exercise in adult cancer patients require investigating whether these results can be achieved in children with cancer.

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Therapeutic effects of aerobic and resistance exercises for cancer survivors: a systematic review of meta-analyses of clinical trials

Abstract: CRD42015020194.

Cited by 120 publications

References 80 publications

The Exercise and Sports Science Australia position statement: Exercise medicine in cancer management

The Exercise and Sports Science Australia position statement: Exercise medicine in cancer management

Concurrent Exercise Interventions in Breast Cancer Survivors with Cancer-related Fatigue

Exercise as a Potential Intervention to Modulate Cancer Outcomes in Children and Adults?

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