Therapeutic effects and outcomes of rescue high-frequency oscillatory ventilation for premature infants with severe refractory respiratory failure

Abstract

Despite wide application of high frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) in neonates with respiratory distress, little has been reported about its rescue use in preterm infants. We aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of HFOV in preterm neonates with refractory respiratory failure and investigate the independent risk factors of in-hospital mortality. We retrospectively analyzed data collected prospectively (January 2011–December 2018) in four neonatal intensive care units of two tertiary-level medical centers in Taiwan. All premature infants (gestational age 24–34 weeks) receiving HFOV as rescue therapy for refractory respiratory failure were included. A total of 668 preterm neonates with refractory respiratory failure were enrolled. The median (IQR) gestational age and birth weight were 27.3 (25.3–31.0) weeks and 915.0 (710.0–1380.0) g, respectively. Pre-HFOV use of cardiac inotropic agents and inhaled nitric oxide were 70.5% and 23.4%, respectively. The oxygenation index (OI), FiO2, and AaDO2 were markedly increased after HFOV initiation (all p < 0.001), and can be decreased within 24–48 h (all p < 0.001) after use of HFOV. 375 (56.1%) patients had a good response to HFOV within 3 days. The final in-hospital mortality rate was 34.7%. No association was found between specific primary pulmonary disease and survival in multivariate analysis. We found preterm neonates with gestational age < 28 weeks, occurrences of sepsis, severe hypotension, multiple organ dysfunctions, initial higher severity of respiratory failure and response to HFOV within the first 72 h were independently associated with final in-hospital mortality. The mortality rate of preterm neonates with severe respiratory failure remains high after rescue HFOV treatment. Aggressive therapeutic interventions to treat sepsis and prevent organ dysfunctions are the suggested strategies to optimize outcomes.

Mortality Risk Factors in Neonates Requiring Interhospital Transport

“…ВЧИВЛ чаще всего применяется как метод респираторной поддержки у пациентов с критическими дыхательными нарушениями. Однако ни одна из стратегий применения данного способа вентиляции не имеет достаточной доказательной базы, и технология доступна небольшому количеству медицинских организаций, по этой причине решение о проведении ВЧИВЛ принимается специалистом зачастую эмпирически, а не на основании доказательно сформулированных рекомендаций [27][28][29]. Отметили более высокую частоту применения ВЧИВЛ в группе умерших при отсутствии различий среднего давления в дыхательных путях.…”

Ultra-slim flexible bronchoscopy-guided topical hemostatic drugs administration for the management of life-threatening refractory pulmonary hemorrhage in a preterm infant: Case report

“…Accordingly, treatment of PH focuses on mechanical ventilation (especially HFOV), surfactant treatment, blood product (fresh frozen plasma and/or RBC), closure of PDA, nutritional support, analgesic, and sedative drugs ( 4 , 12 ). Research has shown that HFOV is used to recruit compromised lungs, improve oxygenation through combined high MAPs and less tidal volumes, and eliminate carbon dioxide with few adverse cerebral side effects ( 13 , 14 ). Therefore, HFOV was commonly used as the primary treatment method in PH.…”

The Intertemporal Role of Respiratory Support in Improving Neonatal Outcomes: A Narrative Review

“…Irrespective of the effectiveness of HFOV when used electively in preterm infants with pulmonary dysfunction [33], HFOV is also being applied as a rescue therapy [88] despite the lack of sufficient data [89]. A prospective registry of a large number of extremely preterm infants in the US showed that from 2008 to 2012, some form of HFV was used in 38% of the infants who survived more than 12 h after birth [12].…”