Therapeutic Effectiveness and Safety of Outdated Human Red Blood Cells Rejuvenated to Restore Oxygen Transport Function to Normal, Frozen for 3 to 4 Years at −80 C, Washed, and Stored at 4 C for 24 Hours Prior to Rapid Infusion

Abstract

Human red blood cell concentrates with hematocrit values of 75 V% were prepared from citrate-phosphatedextrose (CPD) blood, stored at 4 C for 20 to 28 days, and biochemically modified with a solution containing pyruvate. inosine, glucose, phosphate, and adenine (PIGPA Solution A). The rejuvenated red blood cells were frozen with 40% W/V glycerol in a polyolefin plastic bag and were stored at -80 C. After three to four years of frozen storage, the units were thawed, washed, and stored at 4 C in a sodium chloride-glucose-phosphate solution for 24 hours prior to transfusion. Red blood cell recovery was 97 per cent after thawing and 90 per cent after washing. An automated differential agglutination procedure (ADA) showed 24-hour survival values of about 80 per cent, and long-term survival values of about 85 days depending on the disease state of the recipient. The red blood cells had normal affinity for oxygen on the day of transfusion. Plasma hemoglobin levels measured immediately after transfusion indicated extravascular removal of nonviable donor red blood cells. There was no A triple plastic bag system* was used to collect 450 ml of group 0 Rh Positive Or Rh negative

Rejuvenation of allogenic red cells: benefits and risks

“…These cells were then stored for up to 72 h in a salt buffer solution (sodium chloride and glucose, or sodium chloride, glucose and phosphate) . In vivo studies demonstrated excellent red cell recovery and 24‐h survival rates, 90% and 75%, respectively, after 1·5 years of storage and similar rates even after 3 years of storage . Further studies demonstrated that this technique could be refined with improved collection bag design and processes for glycerolization, thawing and deglycerolization , could be applied to small transfusion volumes and had theoretical benefits in extracorporeal circuits due to the impact on reducing haemolysis .…”

“…These cells were then stored for up to 72 h in a salt buffer solution (sodium chloride and glucose, or sodium chloride, glucose and phosphate) [27,28]. In vivo studies demonstrated excellent red cell recovery and 24-h survival rates, 90% and 75%, respectively, after 1Á5 years of storage [29] and similar rates even after 3 years of storage [30]. Further studies demonstrated that this postsurgery.…”

The survival, function, and hemolysis of human RBCs stored at 4°C in additive solution (AS‐1, AS‐3, or AS‐5) for 42 days and then biochemically modified, frozen, thawed, washed, and stored at 4°C in sodium chloride and glucose solution for 24 hours

“…Our laboratory has reported on the biochemical modification of RBC concentrates prepared from ACD, CPD, CPDA‐1, CPDA‐2, and CPDA‐3 blood by use of a solution containing pyruvate, inosine, phosphate, and adenine 1–10 . In our previous studies, the RBCs in the various anticoagulants were stored at 4°C for different periods and treated with a solution containing pyruvate, inosine, phosphate, and adenine to increase the RBC ATP, DPG, and p50 levels.…”

Blood Manufacturing: Component Preparation, Storage, and Transportation

“…108,109 The RBCs are centrifuged to separate the rejuvenating solution, which is then expressed into a transfer bag and discarded.…”