Therapeutic attributes and applied aspects of biological macromolecules (polypeptides, fucoxanthin, sterols, fatty acids, polysaccharides, and polyphenols) from diatoms — A review

Tiwari, Archana; Melchor-Martínez, Elda M.; Saxena, Abhishek; Kapoor, Neha; Singh, Kawal Jeet; Saldarriaga-Hernández, Sara; Parra‐Saldívar, Roberto; Iqbal, Hafiz M.N.

doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.219

Cited by 45 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 135 publications

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“…In this framework, terrestrial plants would be limited/avoided as a resource for new compounds due to the environmental costs of terrestrial cultivation and the long time needed for growth (see the review of [ 53 , 59 ]). Microalgae, instead, sharing photosynthetic and microbial properties, are a promising eco-sustainable alternative [ 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 ]. Moreover, the microalgae content and diversity in bioactive compounds—for example, vitamins, carotenoids, or polyphenols [ 23 , 27 , 66 , 67 , 68 ]—make them highly attractive bio-factories [ 60 , 67 , 68 , 69 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Microalgal Diatoxanthin Inflects the Cytokine Storm in SARS-CoV-2 Stimulated ACE2 Overexpressing Lung Cells

et al. 2022

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Contact between SARS-CoV-2 and human lung cells involves the viral spike protein and the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor on epithelial cells, the latter being strongly involved in the regulation of inflammation as well as blood pressure homeostasis. SARS-CoV-2 infection is characterized by a strong inflammatory response defined as a “cytokine storm”. Among recent therapeutic approaches against SARS-CoV-2 targeting the dramatic inflammatory reaction, some natural products are promising. Diatoms are microalgae able to produce bioactive secondary metabolites, such as the xanthophyll diatoxanthin (Dt). The aim of this study is to demonstrate the anti-inflammatory effects of Dt on the A549-hACE2 lung cell line, exploring its interaction with the ACE2 receptor, as well as depicting its role in inhibiting a cytokine storm induced by the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein. Results showed that Dt enhanced the cell metabolism, e.g., the percent of metabolically active cells, as well as the ACE2 enzymatic activity. Moreover, Dt strongly affected the response of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein-exposed A549-hACE2 cells in decreasing the interleukin-6 production and increasing the interleukin-10 release. Moreover, Dt upregulated genes encoding for the interferon pathway related to antiviral defense and enhanced proteins belonging to the innate immunity response. The potential interest of Dt as a new therapeutic agent in the treatment and/or prevention of the severe inflammatory syndrome related to SARS-CoV-2 infection is postulated.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Microalgal Diatoxanthin Inflects the Cytokine Storm in SARS-CoV-2 Stimulated ACE2 Overexpressing Lung Cells

et al. 2022

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“…Diatom algae are the most important food for wild S. o'connori in the YLTR (Xie et al, 1994). Diatom algae store a high amount of fatty acids (Li et al, 2014;Tiwari et al, 2021). Cultivated S. o'connori individuals were fed with a formula feed containing 35% crude protein and 8% lipids for more than 1 year.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolome and Transcriptome Analysis of Liver and Oocytes of Schizothorax o’connori Raised in Captivity

Zhou

Wang

et al. 2021

Front. Genet.

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Schizothorax o’connori (S. o’connori) is a representative tetraploid species in the subfamily Schizothoracinae and an important endemic fish in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. However, the domestication of S. o’connori remains challenging due to the lack of basic research. Here, we investigated the effects of artificial feeding on the oocytes and liver of S. o’connori by comparing the histological, metabolomic, and transcriptomic data. Histological results showed that the oocytes and liver of captive-reared S. o’connori had abnormal cell morphology. After comparison with the self-built database, a total of 233 metabolites were annotated. In oocytes, a total of 37 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) were detected and two pathways were significantly enriched. There were obvious differences in the metabolites related to ovarian development, including pregnenolone and arachidonic acid. In liver, a total of 70 DAMs were detected and five pathways were significantly enriched. Based on the transcriptomic data, a total of 159 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly related with cell growth and death pathway in oocytes, while a total of 2841 DEGs were significantly related with 102 pathways in liver. Comparing the metabolomic and transcriptomic data showed that there were three common significant enrichment pathways in liver, including biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, starch and sucrose metabolism, and fatty acid biosynthesis. These results showed that special attention should be given to the composition and intake of fatty acids during the artificial breeding of S. o’connori. In addition, many of metabolite-gene pairs were related to adenosine 5′-diphosphate, adenosine monophosphate, and pregnenolone. In summary, these data provide an overview of global metabolic and transcriptomic resources and broaden our understanding of captive-reared S. o’connori.

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“…Indeed, several excellent reviews addressing the subjects prior to our selected timeframe are available to the reader [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]24]. More recently, other authors have also discussed different aspects of the fields in terms, e.g., of the applications of diatoms or microalgae in bio-sensing and -technology [18,[32][33][34], the discovery of active compounds [35][36][37], surface chemistry [38], material science [39][40][41] and as drug carries [42][43][44]. We begin with a short overview of the diatoms' structure and we then move specifically to the use of diatoms for the targeted delivery of anticancer and antibiotic drugs, and how the same microalgae are employed in the fabrications of biosensors whose analyte signal response is evaluated via fluorescence and surface-enhanced Raman scattering techniques.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diatom Biosilica in Targeted Drug Delivery and Biosensing Applications: Recent Studies

Zobi

2022

Micro

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Diatoms are single-cell algae encased in a cell wall (named frustule) composed of transparent, biogenic (or opaline) silica with intricate and strikingly regular patterns. Over the past 30 years, these microorganisms have proven to be a valuable replacement for synthetic silica that satisfies numerous pharmaceutical requirements for the realization of drug delivery vectors, biosensing supports and photonic crystals. It is not only the structural features of the diatoms, but also the possibility of chemically modifying the frustule that permits the relatively straightforward transformation of the biosilica into potential devices for biomedical applications. In this short review, we explore the applications of diatoms-derived biosilica in the drug delivery and biosensing fields. Specifically, we consider the use of diatoms for the targeted delivery of anticancer and antibiotic drugs and how the same microalgae are employed in the fabrications of biosensors whose analyte signal response is evaluated via fluorescence and surface-enhanced Raman scattering techniques. We limit our discussion to studies published in the last seven years, with the intention of minimizing possible redundancy with respect to previously published contributions.

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Therapeutic attributes and applied aspects of biological macromolecules (polypeptides, fucoxanthin, sterols, fatty acids, polysaccharides, and polyphenols) from diatoms — A review

Cited by 45 publications

References 135 publications

The Microalgal Diatoxanthin Inflects the Cytokine Storm in SARS-CoV-2 Stimulated ACE2 Overexpressing Lung Cells

The Microalgal Diatoxanthin Inflects the Cytokine Storm in SARS-CoV-2 Stimulated ACE2 Overexpressing Lung Cells

Metabolome and Transcriptome Analysis of Liver and Oocytes of Schizothorax o’connori Raised in Captivity

Diatom Biosilica in Targeted Drug Delivery and Biosensing Applications: Recent Studies

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