Therapeutic applications of nanobiotechnology

Abstract

Nanobiotechnology, as a novel and more specialized branch of science, has provided a number of nanostructures such as nanoparticles, by utilizing the methods, techniques, and protocols of other branches of science. Due to the unique features and physiobiological characteristics, these nanostructures or nanocarriers have provided vast methods and therapeutic techniques, against microbial infections and cancers and for tissue regeneration, tissue engineering, and immunotherapies, and for gene therapies, through drug delivery systems. However, reduced carrying capacity, abrupt and non-targeted delivery, and solubility of therapeutic agents, can affect the therapeutic applications of these biotechnological products. In this article, we explored and discussed the prominent nanobiotechnological methods and products such as nanocarriers, highlighted the features and challenges associated with these products, and attempted to conclude if available nanostructures offer any scope of improvement or enhancement. We aimed to identify and emphasize the nanobiotechnological methods and products, with greater prospect and capacity for therapeutic improvements and enhancements. We found that novel nanocarriers and nanostructures, such as nanocomposites, micelles, hydrogels, microneedles, and artificial cells, can address the associated challenges and inherited drawbacks, with help of conjugations, sustained and stimuli-responsive release, ligand binding, and targeted delivery. We recommend that nanobiotechnology, despite having few challenges and drawbacks, offers immense opportunities that can be harnessed in delivering quality therapeutics with precision and prediction. We also recommend that, by exploring the branched domains more rigorously, bottlenecks and obstacles can also be addressed and resolved in return. Graphical Abstract

Unleashing the power of chlorogenic acid: exploring its potential in nutrition delivery and the food industry

“…64 Furthermore, these particles exhibit exceptional functionalization capabilities, enabling them to function as targeting ligands for active substances, thereby enhancing their bio-distribution. 65 Additionally, nanoparticles can augment cellular uptake and efficiently traverse epithelial surfaces, resulting in an amplified bioavailability of active substances. 66 Consequently, owing to their biocompatibility, retention, sustained release, targeting precision, and protective loading capacities for active compounds, nanoparticles emerge as a highly promising nutritional delivery system.…”

Silver nanoparticles synthesized from Pseudomonas aeruginosa pyoverdine: Antibiofilm and antivirulence agents

“…With the several advantages of nanotechnology, interest in fabricating various nanomaterials by employing green chemistry to manage microbial pathogens has increased [ 24 ]. In addition, the application of nanomaterials has been used in a variety of applications, such as an anti-oxidant, nano-sensor, anticancer, tissue regeneration, immunotherapies, gene therapies, drug delivery system, and coating of medical devices [ 25 , 26 ]. The employing of green chemistry as an alternative to physical and chemical methods for the synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) has a number of benefits, including the fact that it is more economical, less complicated, less harmful to the environment, and reduces the amount of hazardous chemicals that are released into the environment [ 24 ].…”

TfR Aptamer-Functionalized MSNs for Enhancing Targeted Cellular Uptake and Therapy of Cancer Cells

“…Cancer, a malignant disease with high morbidity and mortality, seriously threatens human health. , Conventional cancer chemotherapy remains challenging because of significant limitations in terms of nonspecific delivery of anticancer drugs, water-insolubility of certain drugs, and severe side effects . With the advancement of nanotechnology, nanomaterials have been utilized as delivery carriers for genes or drugs in recent decades to overcome the limitations associated with traditional drug therapies and attracted continuous attention and in-depth research from materials and medical communities. – Drugs delivered by nanocarriers can circumvent issues with traditional “free” drug delivery, such as poor solubility, restricted stability, rapid clearance, and especially the lack of targetability. So far, various types of nanocarriers have been developed, including liposomes, polymeric micelles, gold nanoparticles, mesoporous materials, metal–organic frameworks, DNA nanostructures, extracellular vesicles, etc.…”