Therapeutic angiogenesis-based strategy for peripheral artery disease

Abstract

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) poses a great challenge to society, with a growing prevalence in the upcoming years. Patients in the severe stages of PAD are prone to amputation and death, leading to poor quality of life and a great socioeconomic burden. Furthermore, PAD is one of the major complications of diabetic patients, who have higher risk to develop critical limb ischemia, the most severe manifestation of PAD, and thus have a poor prognosis. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop an effective therapeutic strategy to treat this disease. Therapeutic angiogenesis has raised concerns for more than two decades as a potential strategy for treating PAD, especially in patients without option for surgery-based therapies. Since the discovery of gene-based therapy for therapeutic angiogenesis, several approaches have been developed, including cell-, protein-, and small molecule drug-based therapeutic strategies, some of which have progressed into the clinical trial phase. Despite its promising potential, efforts are still needed to improve the efficacy of this strategy, reduce its cost, and promote its worldwide application. In this review, we highlight the current progress of therapeutic angiogenesis and the issues that need to be overcome prior to its clinical application.

Pathological angiogenesis: mechanisms and therapeutic strategies

“…This response triggers angiogenesis and collateral vessel development [ 133 , 134 ]. Therapeutic promotion of angiogenesis by delivery of VEGFA is therefore one approach in cases of acute ischemia [ 135 , 136 ]. Multiple strategies using growth factor- or cell-based therapies to promote blood vessel development have been described with different levels of success [ 137 , 138 ].…”

An H2S‐BMP6 Dual‐Loading System with Regulating Yap/Taz and Jun Pathway for Synergistic Critical Limb Ischemia Salvaging Therapy

“…[54] Great efforts have been devoted to treating PAD, including surgical and non-surgical options. [55,56] Autogenous venous bypass and endarterectomy are the common traditional surgical treatments for PAD. But the elder patients are usually difficult to tolerate traditional open repair due to the incidence of postoperative complications such as incisional hernia.…”

Therapeutic potential and molecular mechanisms of salidroside in ischemic diseases

“…Current therapeutic strategies for ischemic diseases include therapeutic angiogenesis, surgery-based revascularization, organ transplantation, medication and/or application of pharmacologic agents (Selzner et al, 2003;Hankey, 2017;Deng et al, 2020;Han et al, 2022;Tarantul and Gavrilenko, 2022). Revascularization surgery usually builds blood vessel bypasses to promote blood flow, or applies special balloons and bionic stents to expand blocked blood vessels.…”

“…Currently, standard therapeutic strategies for treating these diseases include surgery-based revascularization, organ transplantation, medication and/or application of pharmacologic agents as well as therapeutic angiogenesis (Selzner et al, 2003;Hankey, 2017). Several main components extracted from traditional herbs or plants have also been investigated for their potential for treating ischemic diseases (Han et al, 2017;Han et al, 2022). Duan et al (2021) explored the potential of using Baicalin, the major component of the root of traditional Chinese herb Scutellaria baicalensis, for treating stroke; while Wang et al (2021) examined the function of Danshen, the active component extracted from the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, for treating myocardiac injury.…”