Theranostic cancer applications utilized by nanoparticles offering multimodal systems and future insights

Abstract

Recent studies showed that imaging-guided cancer therapeutics have higher success rates so instead of using a single modality, the combination of diagnosis and therapy (theranostic) modalities have simultaneously been employed more often for the cancer treatments. Also, instead of employing single modality, combination of more than one modality for each cancer diagnosis and therapy becomes to be the route for the scientists study in the field of theranostics and applied nanotechnology due to the improved theranostic efficiency. Purpose-oriented fabricated nanoparticles are usually chosen as carriers and contrast agents for those multimodal theranostic systems owing to their unique optoelectronic (optical-electronic) and physical properties. This is a mini review as a general synopsis of the recent applications of nanoparticles as one of the most efficient cancer theranostic agents and future insights for theranostics.

Advanced Biophotonics Techniques: The Role of Optical Tweezers for Cells and Molecules Manipulation Associated With Cancer

“…Antibodies, peptides and small molecules can be labeled with fluorescence dyes and conjugated to nanoparticles producing targeted optical imaging probes for cancer detection [52,53]. Nanocarriers can be served as multi-modal theranostics systems [54] or as "Trojan Horses" [55] carrying multiple therapeutic and imaging agents directed to tumors. They can provide simultaneously diagnostic information and targeted drug delivery by photon-based stimulus through fluorescence [56], photodynamic [57,58] and photothermal treatment [57].…”

Nanomaterial-assisted CRISPR gene-engineering – A hallmark for triple-negative breast cancer therapeutics advancement

“…The effectual and nontoxic transfer of dynamic DNA, RNA or mRNA, and proteome at the targeted cells or tissues, unsolicited genetic aberrations, inadequate packaging size, and immunogenicity are the principal doubts in translational gene therapeutics and genome editing [ 263 , 287 ]. In this context, nanoparticles (NPs) are getting considerable attention in delivering CRISPR/Cas cargo to the targeted sites due to their dynamic small sizes, excellent loading capacity, easeful penetration through the phospholipid bilayer, and other intracellular barriers that help in amplified pervasion and delivery [ 288 ]. In addition, CRISPR/Cas9 stability, biodegradation, and biocompatibility can be meritoriously accomplished by engaging NPs in clinical translation [ 265 , 289 ].…”

Theranostic Phthalocyanine and Naphthalocyanine Nanoparticles for Photoacoustic Imaging and Photothermal Therapy of Tumors

“…PA imaging may allow nanoparticle accumulation to be monitored at a disease site, which can help guide PTT treatment. PA imaging may also enable satellite lesions to be identified 44 , 45 .…”