Theranostic Advances of Bionanomaterials against Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Preliminary Review

Abstract

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most frequent complication during pregnancy. This complex disease is characterized by glucose intolerance and consequent hyperglycemia that begins or is first diagnosed in pregnancy, and affects almost 7% of pregnant women. Previous reports have shown that GDM is associated with increased pregnancy complications and might cause abnormal fetal development. At present, treatments are not suitable for the prevention and management of these patients. As an alternative therapeutic opportunity and a leading scientific technique, nanotechnology has helped enlighten the health of these affected women. Theranostic nanomaterials with unique properties and small sizes (at least < 100 nm in one of their dimensions) have been recently engineered for clinics and pharmaceutics. Reducing materials to the nanoscale has successfully changed their properties and enabled them to uniquely interact with cell biomolecules. Several biosensing methods have been developed to monitor glucose levels in GDM patients. Moreover, cerium oxide nanoparticles (NPs), selenium NPs, polymeric NPs, and drug-loaded NPs loaded with therapeutic agents have been used for GDM treatment. Still, there are some challenges associated with the detection limits and toxicity of such nanomaterials. This preliminary review covers the aspects from a fast-developing field to generating nanomaterials and their applications in GDM diagnosis and treatment.

Nanotechnologies in Obstetrics and Cancer during Pregnancy: A Narrative Review

“…Recently, a nanotechnology-based point-of-care test was developed with the intent to monitor glycated albumin in gestational diabetic pregnancies [ 110 ]. In addition, different approaches (e.g., Cerium nanoparticles or zinc oxide resveratrol encapsulated in Chitosan) were also developed to treat gestational diabetes and its comorbidities [ 109 , 111 , 112 , 113 ]. For example, Du and coworkers found, in a streptozocin-induced diabetes rat model, that zinc oxide resveratrol encapsulated in Chitosan improves the diabetic biological signs, including a reduction in insulin resistance [ 112 ].…”

Advances in early diagnosis of cervical cancer based on biosensors

“…Biological components such as antibodies, nucleic acids, and enzymes are used to detect biomolecules (Arshad et al, 2021b; Barani, Zeeshan, et al, 2021; Barani, Mukhtar, et al, 2021; Sabir et al, 2021; Xiang et al, 2011). These devices are used to detect biomolecules that are associated with diseases at the clinical level (Barani, Sargazi, et al, 2021; Fatima et al, 2021). Biosensors can detect the biochemical markers of a disease, which can be found in different body fluids, such as urine, blood, or saliva.…”

“…Generally, these measurement systems can detect biomolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, and also cells that are related to diseases. Biological components such as antibodies, nucleic acids, and enzymes are used to detect biomolecules (Arshad et al, 2021b;Barani, Zeeshan, et al, 2021;Barani, Mukhtar, et al, 2021;Sabir et al, 2021;Xiang et al, 2011). These devices are used to detect biomolecules that are associated with diseases at the clinical level (Barani, Sargazi, et al, 2021;Fatima et al, 2021).…”

Novel Perspectives towards RNA-Based Nano-Theranostic Approaches for Cancer Management

“…Nanomedicine has led to the development of a variety of nanoscale therapeutics and diagnostics to treat a variety of diseases, specifically cancer [6,14,15,17,18,[36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46]. This fact is broadly exploited in the field of DNA nanotechnology [47].…”