Theory of the Hydrogen Maser

Kleppner, Daniel; Goldenberg, H. Mark; Ramsey, Norman F.

doi:10.1103/physrev.126.603

Cited by 263 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In addition to obtaining linewidth data from the Monte Carlo calculations, we have employed the calculations to investigate specific characteristics of the Dicke-narrowed lineshape. In the limit of very low Rabi frequencies, the Dicke-narrowed resonance can be described by a convolution of the atomic iineshape and the power spectral density of the radiation field as observed in the 4 Since the optical pumping radiation only interacts with one of the states coupled by the microwave field, the dephasing rate due to optical pumping is one-half the optical photon absorption rate. See Ref.…”

Section: Results and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Dicke narrowing in strong fields: The atom-as-antenna analogy

1989

Phys. Rev. A

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Section: Results and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4,5). In these devices the atomic storage vessel forms the static potential well, and the vessel's inner walls are coated with a nonperturbing material so that velocity-changing collisions do not disturb the internal state of the atom.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dicke narrowing in strong fields: The atom-as-antenna analogy

1989

Phys. Rev. A

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“…1 The quantum mechanical analysis of the hydrogen maser is presented in a classic paper by Kleppner et al (1962). Fundamental principles of masers are given by Shimoda et al (1956), and details of maser construction are given by Kleppner et al (1965) and .…”

Section: Hydrogen Maser Frequency Standardmentioning

confidence: 99%

Very-Long-Baseline Interferometry

Thompson¹,

Moran²,

Swenson³

2017

Astronomy and Astrophysics Library

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In 1967, a new technique of interferometry was developed in which the receiving elements were separated by such a large distance that it was expedient to operate them independently with no real-time communication link. This was accomplished by recording the data on magnetic tape for later cross-correlation at a central processing station. The technique was called very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI), a term recalling the earlier long-baseline interferometers at Jodrell Bank Observatory, in which the elements were connected by microwave links that had reached 127 km in length. The principles involved in VLBI are fundamentally the same as those involved in interferometers with connected elements. The tape recorder and its successor, disk storage, can be considered as an IF delay line of limited capacity with an unusually long propagation time, weeks instead of microseconds. The use of tape and disk recording media is motivated entirely by economics and places substantial limitations on the system. Satellite links have been demonstrated (Yen et al. 1977), but their high cost discourages their use.Tape recorders have been entirely replaced by compact disks. Data can also be transmitted to correlation facilities via the Internet in quasi real time. However, latency and throughput are significant issues, and data buffering is usually required.

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“…The hydrogen maser has been under study since 1960 [11] . It has been presently developed to be one of the most stableoscillators , with a fractional frequency stability of 2 x 10 and better [12] which exceeds that of a cesium standard for measurement times of the order of an hour.…”

Section: Hydrogen Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Status report on primary frequency standards

Hellwig¹

1973

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Theory of the Hydrogen Maser

Cited by 263 publications

References 19 publications

Dicke narrowing in strong fields: The atom-as-antenna analogy

Dicke narrowing in strong fields: The atom-as-antenna analogy

Very-Long-Baseline Interferometry

Status report on primary frequency standards

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