Theory of spin hydrodynamic generation

Matsuo, Mamoru; Ohnuma, Yuichi; Maekawa, Sadamichi

doi:10.1103/physrevb.96.020401

Cited by 67 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…(1) increases linearly, i.e., the electrons are independent of holes, it can be seen that the states are almost overlap, due a small difference of energy in the superior states (indicated with diferent colors) with respecto to e0 and e1. Typical Zeeman effect appears as in similar results reported in previous works [5,[26][27][28]. A quite different behavior is presented by the valence bands.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

Effect of magnetic field and impurities in InAs/GaAs and GaN/AlN self-assembled quantum dots

Garcia

Meza-Montes

2019

Rev. Mex. Fís.

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A theoeritical study on the effect of a magnetic field or impurities on the carries states of self-assembled quantum dots is presented. The magnetic field is applied along the growth direction of the dots, and for comparison two systems are considered, InAs embeded in GaAs, and GaN in AlN. The electronic states and energy are calculated in the framework of the k.p theory in 8 bands including the strain and piezoelectric effects. Zeeman splitting and anticrossings are observed in InAs/GaAs, while the field introduces small changes in the nitrides. It is also included a study about hidrogen-like impurities, which may be negative or positive. It is noted that depending on the type of impurity, the confinement energy of carriers is changed, and the distribution of the probability density of the carriers is affected too.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

Effect of magnetic field and impurities in InAs/GaAs and GaN/AlN self-assembled quantum dots

Garcia

Meza-Montes

2019

Rev. Mex. Fís.

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“…Similarly, the vorticity of a fluid couples to spin. Such effects are studied, for example, in nuclear physics [97] or in the context of spin hydrodynamic generation [98][99][100][101]. Concerning the latter, spin currents brought about by the vorticity of a confined fluid generate nonequilibrium spin voltages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin of the magnetic spin Hall effect: Spin current vorticity in the Fermi sea

Mook

Neumann

Johansson

et al. 2020

Phys. Rev. Research

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The interplay of spin-orbit coupling (SOC) and magnetism gives rise to a plethora of charge-to-spin conversion phenomena that harbor great potential for spintronics applications. In addition to the spin Hall effect, magnets may exhibit a magnetic spin Hall effect (MSHE), as was recently discovered [Kimata et al., Nature 565, 627-630 (2019)]. To date, the MSHE is still awaiting its intuitive explanation. Here we relate the MSHE to the vorticity of spin currents in the Fermi sea, which explains pictorially the origin of the MSHE. For all magnetic Laue groups that allow for nonzero spin current vorticities the related tensor elements of the MSH conductivity are given. Minimal requirements for the occurrence of a MSHE are compatibility with either a magnetization or a magnetic toroidal quadrupole. This finding implies in particular that the MSHE is expected in all ferromagnets with sufficiently large SOC. To substantiate our symmetry analysis, we present various models, in particular a two-dimensional magnetized Rashba electron gas, that corroborate an interpretation by means of spin current vortices. Considering thermally induced spin transport and the magnetic spin Nernst effect in magnetic insulators, which are brought about by magnons, our findings for electron transport can be carried over to the realm of spincaloritronics, heat-to-spin conversion, and energy harvesting. I. FROM THE CONVENTIONAL TO THE MAGNETIC SPIN HALL EFFECTThe spin Hall effect (SHE) [1] and its inverse are without doubt important discoveries [2][3][4][5][6] in the field of spintronics [7,8]. They serve not only as 'working horses' for generating and detecting spin currents [9] but also as key ingredients in spin-orbit torque devices for electric magnetization switching [10][11][12]. Compared to spin-transfer torque devices [13-17], spin-orbit torque devices are faster, more robust, and consume less power upon operation [18][19][20]; for a recent review see Ref. 21. While the anomalous Hall effect (AHE) in a magnet [22] produces a transverse charge current density upon applying an electric field E, the SHE in a nonmagnet produces a transverse spin current density j γ = σ γ E (γ = x, y, z indicates the transported spin component). Mathematically, the SHE is quantified by the antisymmetric part of the spin conductivity tensor σ γ . For example, the σ z xy element comprises z-polarized spin currents in x direction as a response to an electric field in y direction.In a simple picture, the intrinsic SHE [23,24] is explained by spinning electrons that experience a spin-dependent Magnus force caused by spin-orbit coupling (SOC). It appears as if 'built-in' spin-dependent magnetic fields evoke spin-dependent Lorentz forces that result in a transverse pure spin current. The extrinsic SHE [25][26][27] is covered by Mott scattering at defects [28].Since the SHE does not rely on broken time-reversal symmetry (TRS), it is featured in nonmagnetic metals [29] or semiconductors [2]. Imposing few demands on a material's properties, a SHE can be expected in...

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“…To describe macroscopic dynamics of spin, it is desirable to generalize hydrodynamics to a spinful fluid. In the field of spintronics, a nonrelativistic framework of spin hydrodynamics has been utilized for describing the spincurrent generation in the presence of a coupling between spin and vorticity in elastic materials [3,4] as well as in liquid metals [5,6]. A similar framework was also used to describe the so-called micropolar fluids [7,8].…”

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confidence: 99%

Fate of spin polarization in a relativistic fluid: An entropy-current analysis

et al. 2019

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We derive relativistic hydrodynamic equations with a dynamical spin degree of freedom on the basis of an entropy-current analysis. The first and second laws of local thermodynamics constrain possible structures of the constitutive relations including a spin current and the antisymmetric part of the (canonical) energy-momentum tensor. Solving the obtained hydrodynamic equations within the linear-mode analysis, we find spin-diffusion modes, indicating that spin density is damped out after a characteristic time scale controlled by transport coefficients introduced in the antisymmetric part of the energy-momentum tensor in the entropy-current analysis. This is a consequence of mutual convertibility between spin and orbital angular momentum.

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Theory of spin hydrodynamic generation

Cited by 67 publications

References 31 publications

Effect of magnetic field and impurities in InAs/GaAs and GaN/AlN self-assembled quantum dots

Effect of magnetic field and impurities in InAs/GaAs and GaN/AlN self-assembled quantum dots

Origin of the magnetic spin Hall effect: Spin current vorticity in the Fermi sea

Fate of spin polarization in a relativistic fluid: An entropy-current analysis

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