‘Theory of Mind’, psychotic-like experiences and psychometric schizotypy in adolescents from the general population

Barragán, Marcela; Laurens, Kristin R.; Navarro, J. Blas; Obiols, Jordi E.

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2010.07.051

Cited by 41 publications

(41 citation statements)

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“…This contrasts Montag et al (2011), who found that the ToM deficits of schizophrenia patients connected to their negative symptoms. At the same time, it is partly in line with Barragan et al (2011), who found that ToM deficits were connected to positive and not negative schizotypy in their sample of adolescents with psychotic-like experiences. Based on the characteristics of their sample, they interpreted this finding as a developmental impairment (Barragan et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…At the same time, it is partly in line with Barragan et al (2011), who found that ToM deficits were connected to positive and not negative schizotypy in their sample of adolescents with psychotic-like experiences. Based on the characteristics of their sample, they interpreted this finding as a developmental impairment (Barragan et al, 2011). Here it is important to mention that the German version of SPQ contains only positive and negative dimensions, and does not distinguish a disorganized dimension.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…However, no significant associations between the schizotypy dimensions and specific aspects of ToM were found in this study (Montag et al, 2012). On the one hand, ToM deficits have been associated with positive schizotypy – unusual perceptual experiences and magical thinking (Pickup, 2006; Barragan et al, 2011). On the other hand, they have also been associated with negative schizotypy – social withdrawal and anhedonia (Langdon and Coltheart, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cognitive Correlates of Different Mentalizing Abilities in Individuals with High and Low Trait Schizotypy: Findings from an Extreme-Group Design

et al. 2017

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Mentalizing or Theory of Mind (ToM) deficits in schizophrenia have been studied to great extent, but studies involving samples of trait schizotypy yield ambiguous results. Executive functions like cognitive inhibition, cognitive flexibility, and agency are all prerequisites of mentalizing, and it is assumed that the impairment of these functions contributes to ToM deficits in schizophrenia. Whether these impairments influence the ToM performance of people with high trait schizotypy remains unclear. Although impaired self-agency has repeatedly been identified in people with schizotypy, its role in mentalizing is yet to be investigated. The main aim of this study was to explore whether deficits in cognitive and affective ToM can be found in high trait schizotypy, and to identify in what way these deficits are related to the positive and negative dimensions of schizotypy. The secondary aim was to examine whether these deficits correlate with executive functions. Based on the dimensional view of the schizophrenia spectrum, an extreme-group design was applied to non-clinical volunteers demonstrating high (N = 39) and low (N = 47) trait schizotypy. Affective and cognitive ToM were investigated using the Movie for Assessment of Social Cognition, a sensitive and video-based measurement. Cognitive inhibition was assessed using the Stroop Test, and cognitive flexibility was analyzed using the Trail-Making Test. Agency was measured using a computerized self-agency paradigm. Participants in the high-schizotypy group performed significantly worse in the affective ToM task (d = 0.79), and their overall ToM performance was significantly impaired (d = 0.60). No between-group differences were found with regards to cognitive ToM, executive functions, and self-agency. Cognitive flexibility correlated negatively with positive schizotypy, and contributed to a worse overall and affective ToM. Impaired cognitive inhibition contributed to undermentalizing-type errors. It was found that non-clinical participants with high trait (positive) schizotypy – especially those with slight executive-function deficits – may have difficulties in understanding the emotional state of others and consequently in functioning in social situations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cognitive Correlates of Different Mentalizing Abilities in Individuals with High and Low Trait Schizotypy: Findings from an Extreme-Group Design

et al. 2017

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“…The associations between mentalizing deficits and positive psychotic manifestations in adolescence reported by Barragan et al (2011) are in line with studies of adult psychometric risk samples. Langdon and Coltheart (1999) found selective ToM deficits among high schizotypal (on the basis of SPQ scores) non-clinical individuals, which were independent of executive planning or inhibitory control deficits.…”

Section: Mentalizing As a Moderator Of Psychosis Vulnerabilitysupporting

confidence: 84%

Attachment, Neurobiology, and Mentalizing along the Psychosis Continuum

Debbané

Salaminios

Luyten

et al. 2016

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

122

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In this review article, we outline the evidence linking attachment adversity to psychosis, from the premorbid stages of the disorder to its clinical forms. To better understand the neurobiological mechanisms through which insecure attachment may contribute to psychosis, we identify at least five neurobiological pathways linking attachment to risk for developing psychosis. Besides its well documented influence on the hypothalamic-pituary-adrenal (HPA) axis, insecure attachment may also contribute to neurodevelopmental risk through the dopaminergic and oxytonergic systems, as well as bear influence on neuroinflammation and oxidative stress responses. We further consider the neuroscientific and behavioral studies that underpin mentalization as a suite of processes potentially moderating the risk to transition to psychotic disorders. In particular, mentalization may help the individual compensate for endophenotypical impairments in the integration of sensory and metacognitive information. We propose a model where embodied mentalization would lie at the core of a protective, resilience response mitigating the adverse and potentially pathological influence of the neurodevelopmental cascade of risk for psychosis.

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“…En este trabajo se ha utilizado la versión adaptada al español y validada según los estándares internacionales (Muñiz, Elosua, y Hambleton, 2013). Las puntuaciones obtenidas en estudios previos presentan adecuados niveles de fiabilidad y diferentes evidencias de validez (Barragan, Laurens, Blas Navarro, y Obiols, 2011;Fonseca-Pedrero et al, 2011;Fonseca-Pedrero, Paino, Lemos-Giráldez, y Muñiz, 2012b). (Peters, Joseph, Day, y Garety, 2004).…”

Section: Instrumentosunclassified

Experiencias psicóticas atenuadas y consumo de sustancias en universitarios

et al. 2016

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144Psychotic disorders, as well as psychotic-like experiences and substance use, have been found to be associated. The main goal of the present study was to analyse the relationship between psychoticlike experiences and substance use in college students. The sample comprised a total of 660 participants (M = 20.3 years, SD = 2.6). The results showed that 96% of the sample reported some delusional experience, while 20.3% reported at least one positive psychotic-like experience. Some substance use was reported by 41.1% of the sample, differing in terms of gender. Substance users reported more psychoticlike experiences than non-users, especially in the positive dimension. Experiencias psicóticas atenuadas y consumo de sustancias en universitarios Psychotic-like Experiences and Substance Use in College StudentsEduardo Fonseca-Pedrero*,**,****, Javier Ortuño-Sierra*****, Mercedes Paino**,*** y José Muñiz***,****.* Departamento de Ciencias de la Educación. Universidad de La Rioja, España. ** Programa de Prevención en Psicosis (P3), España. *** Departamento de Psicología. Universidad de Oviedo, España. **** Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM). ***** Universidad Loyola Andalucía, España.Los trastornos del espectro esquizofrénico, así como las experiencias psicóticas, se han asociado con un mayor consumo de sustancias. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la relación entre las experiencias psicóticas atenuadas y el consumo de sustancias en adultos jóvenes. La muestra la formaron un total de 660 participantes universitarios (M = 20,3 años; DT = 2,6). Los resultados mostraron que un 96% de la muestra informó de alguna experiencia de ideación delirante, mientras que el 20,3% informó de, al menos, una experiencia atenuada de tipo cognitivo-perceptual. El 41,1% de la muestra refirió algún consumo de sustancias, encontrándose diferencias en función del género.Los participantes consumidores informaron de un mayor número de experiencias psicóticas, sobre todo de tipo positivo. Asimismo, el consumo de alcohol predijo, en la mayoría de los casos, las puntuaciones extremas en las medidas de ideación delirante y experiencias pseudopsicóticas. La asociación entre estas dos variables parece mostrar un patrón diferenciado, encontrándose el consumo de sustancias más relacionado con las experiencias pseudo-psicóticas de tipo cognitivoperceptual. Estos hallazgos parecen apoyar los modelos dimensionales del fenotipo psicótico y permiten mejorar la comprensión de la relación entre las experiencias psicóticas atenuadas y el consumo de sustancias en adultos jóvenes. Futuros estudios deberían seguir analizando el papel de los factores de riesgo a los trastornos psicóticos, así como incorporar modelos de interacción gen x ambiente.

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‘Theory of Mind’, psychotic-like experiences and psychometric schizotypy in adolescents from the general population

Cited by 41 publications

References 50 publications

Cognitive Correlates of Different Mentalizing Abilities in Individuals with High and Low Trait Schizotypy: Findings from an Extreme-Group Design

Cognitive Correlates of Different Mentalizing Abilities in Individuals with High and Low Trait Schizotypy: Findings from an Extreme-Group Design

Attachment, Neurobiology, and Mentalizing along the Psychosis Continuum

Experiencias psicóticas atenuadas y consumo de sustancias en universitarios

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