Theory of flicker and transient responses III An essential nonlinearity

Kelly, D. H.; Savoie, R. E.

doi:10.1364/josa.68.001481

Cited by 49 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…This response "waveform" is consistent with estimates of the variation over time in the visual response to a pulse of light, based upon a derived impulse response function (Kelly & Savoie, 1978) or upon reaction time measures to combinations of threshold and suprathreshold luminance gratings (Lupp, Hauske, & Wolf, 1978). For Type C observers, the brightness of the comparison pulse does not show an initial peak, as if they were not responding to transient features of the comparison stimulus.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 76%

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Temporal brightness enhancement: Studies of individual differences

Bowen

1984

Perception & Psychophysics

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We have previously identified categorical individual differences in the occurrence of temporal brightness enhancement (TBE)by using a simultaneous brightness discrimination paradigm (Bowen & Markell, 1980). TBE is a nonmonotonic relation between brightness and pulse duration, pulses of intermediate duration (75-125 msec) can appear brighter than longer or shorter pulses of the same luminance. Three classes of observers can be defined based on whether they perceive TBE under one oftwo conditions of temporal asynchrony between a short test pulse and a longer (500 msec)comparison pulse: simultaneous onset of the pulses or simultaneous offset. Type A observers show TBE for both asynchrony conditions; Type B observers show the effect for simultaneous offset but not simultaneous onset; Type C observers do not show TBE for either asynchrony. In the present study, we show that Type A and Type C observers maintain a constant brightnessduration relation as the asynchrony between test and comparison pulses is varied from simultaneous onset to simultaneous offset. Type B observers show a gradual shift in the brightnessduration relation as asynchrony changes. In a separate experiment, we find that practice has little effect on Type A and Type B observers but that Type C observers may change in classification to Types A and B over as few as five experimental sessions. The hypothesis that individual differences are due to differential "weighting" of chromatic (sustained) and achromatic (transient) visual channels is discussed.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 76%

“…We assume that the response to a pulse of light increases to a maximum following stimulus onset and then declines to a sustained level following the peak (e.g., Kelly and Savoie, 1978;Lupp et al, 1978). The judged brightness of such a response could involve one of two complementary processes: temporal resolution or temporal integration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal brightness enhancement: Studies of individual differences

Bowen

1984

Perception & Psychophysics

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“…Therefore, our results not only explain an important phenomenon in brightness perception and natural vision, but also reveal a critical aspect of experimental design that must be taken into account for accurate perceptual measurement. Previous studies have suggested that the Broca-Sulzer effect is restricted to low spatial-frequency gratings or uniform-brightness fields (11,25,26), yet our experiments produced the Broca-Sulzer effect and Bloch's law with spatially identical stimuli, proving that differential spatial frequency cannot explain the effects found here. We note that these previous studies were not properly controlled for subject criterion; thus, the differential effects of spatial frequency, if any, may not have been measured accurately.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 62%

Optimizing the temporal dynamics of light to human perception

Rieiro

Martínez-Conde²,

Danielson

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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No previous research has tuned the temporal characteristics of light-emitting devices to enhance brightness perception in human vision, despite the potential for significant power savings. The role of stimulus duration on perceived contrast is unclear, due to contradiction between the models proposed by Bloch and by Broca and Sulzer over 100 years ago. We propose that the discrepancy is accounted for by the observer's "inherent expertise bias," a type of experimental bias in which the observer's life-long experience with interpreting the sensory world overcomes perceptual ambiguities and biases experimental outcomes. By controlling for this and all other known biases, we show that perceived contrast peaks at durations of 50-100 ms, and we conclude that the Broca-Sulzer effect best describes human temporal vision. We also show that the plateau in perceived brightness with stimulus duration, described by Bloch's law, is a previously uncharacterized type of temporal brightness constancy that, like classical constancy effects, serves to enhance object recognition across varied lighting conditions in natural vision-although this is a constancy effect that normalizes perception across temporal modulation conditions. A practical outcome of this study is that tuning light-emitting devices to match the temporal dynamics of the human visual system's temporal response function will result in significant power savings.psychophysics | experimental design

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“…This might be overance we shall restrict ourselves to the most closely come by using a reference as was done in the present related work. Kelly and Savoie (1978) derived impulse work. Hallett found no satisfactory relation between and step responses from a postulated transfer func-impulse and step response.…”

Section: Validity Of Conceptsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The latter is usually done by deriving some basic response function from measurements. Several examples of this systems analysis kind of approach can be found in literature (De Lange, 1952;Veringa, 1961;Kelly, 1961Kelly, , 1969Matin, 1968;Levinson, 1968;Sperling and Sondhi, 1968;Hallett, 1969a,b;Rashbass, 1970;Kelly and Savoie. 1978).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%