Theory of Cascade Showers

Nishimura, Jun

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-46079-1_1

Cited by 40 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 39 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…It allows to establish from the elementary gains and losses in particles and energy. In the case of the 1D theory, the most simple system of transport equations which are perfectly symmetric [15], is given by…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We use here the notations of Nishimura in [15], π(E, X)dE and γ(E, X)dE representing respectively the average numbers of electrons and photons with energy between E and E +dE at a depth X in radiation lengths. The integral operators A ′ and B ′ correspond respectively to the losses in electron number by bremsstrahlung and gains by pair productions, whereas σ 0 represents the cross section for pair production (but, −σ 0 γ accounts the loss of photons through pair production).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The muon decay process might be a possible reason for the origin of it. On the other hand, the original NK (NishimuraKamata) predicted electron densities near the core were found a little higher than those with the NKG in the domain s ≥ 1.2 [15]. It was also noted in Monte Carlo simulations that the NKG formula was quite useful for proton initiated showers and is much faster than the full simulation of the EGS cascade [16].…”

Section: The Concept Of Shower Age Describing the Extensive Air Smentioning

confidence: 96%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Slope of the lateral density function of extensive air showers around the knee region as an indicator of shower age

Dey

Dam

2016

Eur. Phys. J. Plus

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Analyzing simulated extensive air shower (EAS) events generated with the Monte Carlo code CORSIKA, this paper critically studies the characteristics of lateral distribution of electrons in EAS around the knee energy region of the energy spectrum of primary cosmic rays. The study takes into account the issue of lateral shower age parameter as indicator of the stage of development of showers in the atmosphere. The correlation of lateral shower age parameter with other EAS observables is examined, using simulated data in the context of its possible use in a multi-parameter study of EAS, with a view to obtaining information about the nature of the shower initiating primaries at sea level EAS experiments. It is shown that the observed slope of the lateral density function in the 3-dimensional plot at least for the KASCADE data supports the idea of a transition from light to heavy mass composition around the knee.PACS numbers: 96.50.sd, 95.75.z, 96.50.S

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Concept Of Shower Age Describing the Extensive Air Smentioning

confidence: 96%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Slope of the lateral density function of extensive air showers around the knee region as an indicator of shower age

Dey

Dam

2016

Eur. Phys. J. Plus

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…We consider the transport equations of the electron and gamma-ray spectrum above 10 GeV in the atmosphere (< 10g/cm 2 ) based on the electromagnetic shower theory of Approximation A [5] which treats the behavior of electromagnetic interaction in the upper atmosphere. The atmospheric electrons are mostly produced by gamma rays, originated from π 0 decay mode, η and K 0 decay mode, etc.…”

Section: Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As shown in the literature [5], the operator A ′ represents the effect of the radiation loss process, B ′ the pair production, C ′ the gamma ray contributed from electrons, and σ 0 the absorption by the pair production. The functional forms of these operators are shown in Appendix A.…”

Section: Formulation and Solutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric electron spectrum above 30GeV at the high altitude

Komori

Kobayashi

Yoshida

et al. 2012

Astroparticle Physics

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We have observed the primary electron spectrum from 30 GeV to 3 TeV using emulsion chambers flown by balloons at the top of the atmosphere, for the purpose of exploring the origin of cosmic rays in the Galaxy. The atmospheric gamma rays have been simultaneously observed in the 30 GeV ∼ 8 TeV energy range. In this paper, we estimate the atmospheric electron spectrum in the upper atmosphere (< 10 g/cm 2 ) from our observed gammaray spectrum using the electromagnetic shower theory in order to derive the primary cosmic-ray electron spectrum. The transport equations of the electron and gamma-ray spectrum are analytically solved and the results are compared with those of Monte Carlo simulation (MC). Since we used the observed atmospheric gamma rays as the source of atmospheric electrons, our solutions are free from ambiguities on the primary cosmic-ray nuclear spectra and nuclear interaction models included in MC. In the energy range above several hundred GeV, the Dalitz electrons produced directly from neutral pions contribute around 10 percent to the whole atmospheric electron spectrum at the depth of 4 g/cm 2 , which increases in importance at the higher altitude and cannot be ignored in TeV electron balloon observations.

show abstract

3.2.1 Introduction

Brabers¹

Landolt-Börnstein - Group III Condensed Matter

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Theory of Cascade Showers

Cited by 40 publications

References 39 publications

Slope of the lateral density function of extensive air showers around the knee region as an indicator of shower age

Slope of the lateral density function of extensive air showers around the knee region as an indicator of shower age

Atmospheric electron spectrum above 30GeV at the high altitude

3.2.1 Introduction

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About