“…Intervention 2 leaders had the same access to the questionnaire tool, but were also taught to diagnose and understand their theory-in-use for CPS conversations. Theories of action describe links between behaviour, (actions/inactions), beliefs, and motivations that explain the behaviour, and the intended and unintended consequences of the behaviour (Argyris & Schön, 1974;Hannah, Sinnema, & Robinson 2019Robinson, 2014Robinson, , 2018Sinnema, Hannah, Finnerty & Daly, 2021). The causes of many complex problems lie in leaders'/teachers' theories of action, and consequently, improvement efforts are compromised if there is little or no engagement with them (Argyris & Schön, 1974;Cavanagh et al, 2014;Mintrop & Zumpe, 2019;Robinson, 2018;Robinson et al, 2020).…”