Theory behind the Zone Concept for External Lightning Protection of Photovoltaic Power Plants

Kalecz, Gyorgy; Tóth, Zoltán; Kiss, István; Németh, Balázs

doi:10.1016/j.epsr.2022.108025

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…TABLE 5 Effect of the array grounding the change of the remaining variables, this resulted in an overestimation of about 8%, except for module currents that get an underestimation of 10%. Note that the assessment on this coupling mechanism impacts only on the ground voltage, while the ground current is not influenced.…”

Section: Out (Kv) I Out (A) V Pv(#ij) (Kv) I Pv(#ij) (A) V -Gnd(#ij) ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This problem is getting more and more relevant as installed systems with larger areas are getting common in response to the increased PV energy demand [1][2][3][4]. While direct lightning strikes (LS) are well studied phenomena, and suitable countermeasures are available [2,5], the indirect LS, hitting near the PV system, are more frequent than the previous ones, yet less studied in their effects. As a matter of fact, indirect strikes proved to induce extremely high overvoltages in the PV circuitry [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A study on the effects of electromagnetic coupling mechanisms in the event of an indirect lightning strike near photovoltaic arrays

Hernández

Sutil

Petrarca

et al. 2023

IET Renewable Power Gen

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Indirect lightning strikes hitting near photovoltaic installations are much more frequent than direct hits, and can generate overvoltage in their electric circuitry. The authors developed a method to estimate the induced overvoltage on single photovoltaic modules. Using a model of the whole array also including Inter‐Module Coupling Mechanisms (IMCMs), a new approach to estimate overvoltage induced on full arrays is presented in this paper. The procedure first estimates lumped parameters, modelling either the coupling between the lightning channel and each module in the array or between each couple of modules in array. Several circuital simulations are then run using suitable equivalent circuits. The aim is to consider different array configurations and groundings schemes. This allows extracting the most relevant configuration parameters influencing overvoltage/overcurrent. Results show that the groundings scheme impacts negligibly, but the single module electric stress is decreased by 35% in the case of ungrounded configurations. Among the considered array configurations, the honey‐comb and total cross‐tied showed the smallest impact on overvoltage. Statistical analysis on random LC tortuous geometry leads to a non‐negligible rise of overvoltage peak values, up to 24%. Finally, the relevance of different IMCMs is analysed, showing a strong impact just on frame‐ground voltages and currents.

show abstract

Section: Out (Kv) I Out (A) V Pv(#ij) (Kv) I Pv(#ij) (A) V -Gnd(#ij) ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study on the effects of electromagnetic coupling mechanisms in the event of an indirect lightning strike near photovoltaic arrays

Hernández

Sutil

Petrarca

et al. 2023

IET Renewable Power Gen

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Meeting such significant energy demands poses great challenges for the power industry due to limited energy sources, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and other environmental concerns associated with fossil fuels. As a result, the focus is shifting towards utilising various renewable energy sources (RE), such as solar, wind power, hydroelectric power, fuel cells, and biogas, which can be integrated to form a hybrid system [1][2][3][4] to achieve sustainable and clean power generation that lowers the environmental effect [5]. These sources can be connected to a backup energy storage system to overcome the intermittence and site-specificity disadvantages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigation of Lightning-Induced Transient Effects on a Hybrid Photovoltaic–Wind System Based on Lightning Protection Standards

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Installing surge protection devices in a hybrid photovoltaic (PV)–wind system is essential to guarantee the survival of the system’s components. If the surge arresters are connected without taking into account the recommendations given by standards, the equipment to be protected might be damaged despite the energy coordination of the arresters. In this study, nonlinear surge protective devices (SPDs) are designed for a multi-MW hybrid system based on lightning protection standards with optimised threat level ratings to investigate the mitigation of lightning transients to an acceptable level. The system is implemented using Power System Computer-Aided Design for Electromagnetic Transients including Direct Current (PSCAD/EMTDC) software. It comprises a 2 MW PV farm, a 2 MW wind farm, and a backup energy storage system (ESS), which are all connected to a 132 kV grid via a step-up transformer and a transmission line. The results were obtained at critical system nodes for two standard lightning current surges, i.e., 1/10 µs and 10/350 µs, considering two lightning strike point scenarios with and without a lightning protection system (LPS). The simulation results showed that the connected SPDs could successfully limit the transient overvoltage in the system to an acceptable level. The analysis in this work is crucial for designing, operating, and maintaining a hybrid PV–wind system. It can help to find the potential vulnerability areas within such a system and implement appropriate protection measures since there is no available lightning standard for such systems. Additionally, it assists the system operators in increasing the uptime and dependability of their RE systems, limiting expensive downtime and environmental effects while optimising energy output. Based on the results obtained, recommendations were made for lightning protection developers.

show abstract

A Comprehensive Reliability and Sensitivity Analysis of MS IEC 62305-2:2007 Lightning Risk Assessment Compliant Software

Cheun,

Huat,

Hing

et al. 2023

2023 12th Asia-Pacific International Conference on Lightning (APL)

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Theory behind the Zone Concept for External Lightning Protection of Photovoltaic Power Plants

Cited by 3 publications

References 7 publications

A study on the effects of electromagnetic coupling mechanisms in the event of an indirect lightning strike near photovoltaic arrays

A study on the effects of electromagnetic coupling mechanisms in the event of an indirect lightning strike near photovoltaic arrays

Mitigation of Lightning-Induced Transient Effects on a Hybrid Photovoltaic–Wind System Based on Lightning Protection Standards

A Comprehensive Reliability and Sensitivity Analysis of MS IEC 62305-2:2007 Lightning Risk Assessment Compliant Software

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About