Theory and Measurement Techniques for the Noise Figure of Optical Amplifiers

Baney, D.M.; Gallion, P.; Tucker, R.S.

doi:10.1006/ofte.2000.0327

Cited by 208 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…However, in practice, the finite temporal duration of analysis of the autocorrelator and the frequency bandwidth limitation of the optoelectronic of the usual radiofrequency spectrum analysers (as long as optical radiofrequency analysis is not used [28]) lead to a truncation of the signal, so that it is of interest to consider experimentally both records separately. Therefore, RF spectra are intensively used to characterize the optical amplifier properties: the measurement of the relative intensity noise (RIN) has indeed become a standard analysis to discuss the performance of optical amplifiers [18]. Other authors have also proposed to extract from the comb-like RF spectrum the amplitude and timing jitters of the periodic signal [29].…”

Section: Radio Frequency Spectrummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Note that the resolution used in this setup does not match the resolution with which OSNR measurements are usually performed in the optical domain [18], but such measure is not our aim here. The comb feature is maintained during the propagation in a counter-propagating configuration (Fig 7a2).…”

Section: Optical Spectrummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, due to their scarcity and their high amplitude, characterization of the impact of extreme statistics remains a tricky task. Contrary to widespread quantitative techniques such as the measurement of the optical noise signal ratio (OSNR) or the relative intensity noise (RIN) [18], we have chosen to present here a set of alternative qualitative methods that show the emergence of extreme fluctuations in a 10 GHz pulse stream. More precisely, this paper will successively present statistical records using photodiodes, optical auto-/cross-correlations, RF spectrum and optical spectrum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental signatures of extreme optical fluctuations in lumped Raman fiber amplifiers

Hammani

Finot

2012

Optical Fiber Technology

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Abstract:In this work, we experimentally investigate several temporal and spectral methods to highlight extreme fluctuations which can develop during the Raman amplification of an ultrashort pulse train. Forward and backward pumping schemes are compared to dual pass configurations.Keywords: Fiber optics; Raman amplifiers; extreme statistics 2 IntroductionThe study of extreme statistics in nonlinear fiber optics is a topic that has recently stimulated much attention. Following the pioneering work of Solli and coworkers [1] that have reported the observation of statistics analogous to hydrodynamic rogue waves in the formation of optical supercontinuum, most of the initial works have focused on the passive propagation of picosecond pulses in photonic crystal fibers [2]. Those different studies carried out in the anomalous dispersion regime have highlighted the specific role played by modulation instability, Akhmediev breathers [3,4] as well as Raman frequency shifted solitons that are also affected by third-order dispersion and resulting pulse-to-pulse interactions [5,6]. However, observation of statistics that strongly deviate from a Gaussian distribution is absolutely not restricted to supercontinuum generation and can also be observed in telecommunication applications in the context of transmissions [7][8][9], Raman fiber lasers [10,11] as well as discrete amplification [12,13]. More precisely, in this latest field, it has been shown that under certain conditions, statistical distribution of an amplified signal can be strongly reshaped during the amplification process.Examples of this deleterious degradation have been discussed for parametric amplifiers [12,14,15] and for Raman amplifiers [13,16,17]: in both cases, a quasi-instantaneous gain and a low walk-off between the signal and a partially coherent pump lead to a dramatic transfer of fluctuations from the pump to the signal in a co-propagating configuration. In a previous work,we have numerically and analytically described the evolution of a continuous signal in a copropagating amplifier in the presence of a low walk-off and pump depletion [17]. We have also Experimental SetupOur experimental setup is sketched in Fig. 1a. An actively mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser delivers a train of 2.9 ps pulses at a repetition rate of 10 GHz and with an initial average power of 10 mW (corresponding to a peak power of ~300 mW) at a wavelength of 1550 nm. Let us note that our previous works [13,16] or [19] involved much lower repetition rates as the signal source was a MHz passively mode-locked fiber laser. The pump is delivered by a Raman continuous wave fiber laser centered at 1455 nm with an average power up to 2 W. An essential point is that this pump is a partially incoherent wave (~20 GHz of spectral width) that exhibits high contrast, fast intensity fluctuations [19]. Indeed, its intensity autocorrelation signal (plotted in Fig. 1b) presents a characteristic contrast of one half [13,20] with a temporal width of 25 ps. This temporal duration is a characteristi...

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Section: Radio Frequency Spectrummentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Optical Spectrummentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental signatures of extreme optical fluctuations in lumped Raman fiber amplifiers

Hammani

Finot

2012

Optical Fiber Technology

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“…4. The noise figures of the cascaded switches are obtained using the equations presented in (Baney et al, 2000). The results are actually encouraging, since the recovery time is reduced to ~10 ps when three SOAs are cascaded, which implies that more SOAs after turbo-switch, faster recovery could be expected.…”

Section: Switch Of Multiple Cascaded Soasmentioning

confidence: 87%

High-Speed All-Optical Switches Based on Cascaded SOAs

Yang¹,

Weng²,

Hu³

2012

Selected Topics on Optical Amplifiers in Present Scenario

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“…The Noise Factor was measured for both "NP-Si+" and "NP-Al" EDFA by using the [20], considering the signal-ASE beat as the main noise contribution in the EDFA :…”

Section: Pre-and Post-irradiation Noise Factormentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiation-hardened nano-particles-based Erbium-doped fiber for space environment

Thomas

Myara

Signoret

et al. 2017

International Conference on Space Optics — ICSO 2012

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Abstract-We demonstrate for the first time a radiationresistant Erbium-Doped Fiber exhibiting performances that can fill the requirements of Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers for space applications. This is based on an Aluminum co-doping atom reduction enabled by Nanoparticules Doping-Process. For this purpose, we developed several fibers containing very different erbium and aluminum concentrations, and tested them in the same optical amplifier configuration. This work allows to bring to the fore a highly radiation resistant Erbium-doped pure silica optical fiber exhibiting a low quenching level. This result is an important step as the EDFA is increasingly recognized as an enabling technology for the extensive use of photonic sub-systems in future satellites.

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Theory and Measurement Techniques for the Noise Figure of Optical Amplifiers

Cited by 208 publications

References 11 publications

Experimental signatures of extreme optical fluctuations in lumped Raman fiber amplifiers

Experimental signatures of extreme optical fluctuations in lumped Raman fiber amplifiers

High-Speed All-Optical Switches Based on Cascaded SOAs

Radiation-hardened nano-particles-based Erbium-doped fiber for space environment

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