Theory and design of high order sound field microphones using spherical microphone array

Abhayapala, Thushara D.; Ward, D.B.

doi:10.1109/icassp.2002.5745011

Cited by 161 publications

(117 citation statements)

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“…As expected the percentage reduces with the increase of N s as the likelihood of dominant single source in a bin drops. It can also be observed that the percentage increases as the angular separation of the sources decreases since the likelihood of strong unity rank in (20) increases as the two adjacent sources may be considered as a single erroneous intermediate dominant source. Although increase in source separation decreases the percentage of the passed bins, the accuracy and robustness increase as shown in Fig.…”

Section: ) Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…The threshold in (20) for DPD-MUSIC was empirically set to 6, which is also the choice in its original paper [6]. The DOA histogram and MUSIC spectrum were constructed with 1 degree resolution along inclination and azimuth (181 × 360 points respectively).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By representing the sound field as a Spherical Harmonic (SH) expansion, the problem formulation can be made independent of the specific geometry of the SMA making the methods described here widely applicable. The first works on DOA estimation using SMA can be found in [18] and the first works on signal processing for SMAs are presented in [19], [2], [20].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Augmented Intensity Vectors for Direction of Arrival Estimation in the Spherical Harmonic Domain

Hafezi

Moore

Naylor

2017

IEEE/ACM Trans. Audio Speech Lang. Process.

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Abstract-Pseudointensity vectors (PIVs) provide a means of Direction of Arrival (DOA) estimation for Spherical Microphone Arrays (SMAs) using only the zeroth and the first-order spherical harmonics. An Augmented Intensity Vector (AIV) is proposed which improves the accuracy of PIVs by exploiting higher order spherical harmonics. We compared DOA estimation using our proposed AIVs against PIVs, Steered Response Power (SRP) and subspace methods where the number of sources, their angular separation, the reverberation time of the room and the sensor noise level are varied. The results show that the proposed approach outperforms the baseline methods and performs at least as accurately as the state-of-the-art method with strong robustness to reverberation, sensor noise and number of sources. In the single and multiple source scenarios tested, which include realistic levels of reverberation and noise, the proposed method had average error of 1.5°and 2°, respectively.

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Section: ) Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Augmented Intensity Vectors for Direction of Arrival Estimation in the Spherical Harmonic Domain

Hafezi

Moore

Naylor

2017

IEEE/ACM Trans. Audio Speech Lang. Process.

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“…However, these techniques are practical mostly for low order decompositions (order 2 already requiring 9 audio channels) and, in return, suffer from limited directional accuracy . Most of them also require specific microphones (Abhayapala and Ward, 2002;Meyer and Elko, 2004b;Laborie et al, 2004), especially when higher-order decompositions must be captured.…”

Section: Coincident Recordings and Directional Decompositionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acoustic Rendering and Auditory–Visual Cross‐Modal Perception and Interaction

Hulusić

Harvey

Debattista

et al. 2012

Computer Graphics Forum

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In recent years research in the three-dimensional sound generation field has been primarily focussed upon new applications of spatialised sound. In the computer graphics community the use of such techniques is most commonly found being applied to virtual, immersive environments. However, the field is more varied and diverse than this and other research tackles the problem in a more complete, and computationally expensive manner. Furthermore, the simulation of light and sound wave propagation is still unachievable at a physically accurate spatio-temporal quality in real-time. Although the Human Visual System (HVS) and the Human Auditory System (HAS) are exceptionally sophisticated, they also contain certain perceptional and attentional limitations. Researchers, in fields such as psychology, have been investigating these limitations for several years and have come up with findings which may be exploited in other fields. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the major techniques for generating spatialised sound and, in addition, discusses perceptual and cross-modal influences to consider. We also describe current limitations and provide an in-depth look at the emerging topics in the field.

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“…One such configuration is to place the microphones on the surface of a virtual sphere [4]; the spherical configuration leads naturally to an elegant mathematical framework based on elementary solutions of Helmholtz equation in spherical coordinates (i.e., spherical harmonics) and developed recently in a number of publications. Due to the 3-D symmetry of such a configuration, the array beampattern is independent of the steering direction and the spatial structure of the acoustic field can be captured without distortion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plane-Wave Decomposition of Acoustical Scenes Via Spherical and Cylindrical Microphone Arrays

Zotkin

Duraiswami

Gumerov

2010

IEEE Trans. Audio Speech Lang. Process.

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Spherical and cylindrical microphone arrays offer a number of attractive properties such as direction-independent acoustic behavior and ability to reconstruct the sound field in the vicinity of the array. Beamforming and scene analysis for such arrays is typically done using sound field representation in terms of orthogonal basis functions (spherical/cylindrical harmonics). In this paper, an alternative sound field representation in terms of plane waves is described, and a method for estimating it directly from measurements at microphones is proposed. It is shown that representing a field as a collection of plane waves arriving from various directions simplifies source localization, beamforming, and spatial audio playback. A comparison of the new method with the well-known spherical harmonics based beamforming algorithm is done, and it is shown that both algorithms can be expressed in the same framework but with weights computed differently. It is also shown that the proposed method can be extended to cylindrical arrays. A number of features important for the design and operation of spherical microphone arrays in real applications are revealed. Results indicate that it is possible to reconstruct the sound scene up to order p with p 2 microphones spherical array. Index TermsEDICS Categories: AUD-SMCA, AUD-LMAP.

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Theory and design of high order sound field microphones using spherical microphone array

Cited by 161 publications

References 1 publication

Augmented Intensity Vectors for Direction of Arrival Estimation in the Spherical Harmonic Domain

Augmented Intensity Vectors for Direction of Arrival Estimation in the Spherical Harmonic Domain

Acoustic Rendering and Auditory–Visual Cross‐Modal Perception and Interaction

Plane-Wave Decomposition of Acoustical Scenes Via Spherical and Cylindrical Microphone Arrays

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