Theory and applications of ion-selective electrodes

Interpretation of the potential response of PVC membrane ion-selective electrodes based on the mixed potential theory

“…For the calculation of K M , the ''true'' concentration of TPnATPB, i.e., per unit volume of the membrane, was estimated to be 0.036 M (i.e., diluted to 72%), by measuring the weight (0.0189 g) and thickness j values of ions at the PVC membrane/W interface were evaluated from Eq. (11), which are also shown in Table 1 together with those evaluated similarly for the NPOE/W interface. The values of DE ref for cell (A) and cell (S1) (in Fig.…”

“…Even now, after a variety of analytical methods have been developed for sensing ions, PVC membrane ISEs hold an important position in practical ion analysis, particularly in clinical analysis [3] (e.g., the determination of Na + /K + /Cl À in blood serum). So far, a tremendous number of PVC membrane ISEs have been developed for many ions [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12], however the design of these ISEs is usually due to screening or trial-and-error.…”

Chloride‐Ion Activities in Simplified Synthetic Concrete Pore Solutions: The Effect of the Accompanying Ions

“…a i ϭ f i c i (1) In a real electrolyte solution, deviation of f i from the unit value is due to ion-ion and ion-solvent interactions that change the effective concentration at which component i participates in chemical or electrochemical equilibria. For any particular solution, the activity coefficients approach unity as the solution becomes more diluted.…”

“…Nevertheless, these measurements require previous calibration of the cells with standard solutions of known ionic activity, because of the difficulty in obtaining a standard ideal ISE and uncertainties in the liquid junction and the reference-electrode potentials. 1 The purpose of this work is to calculate and potentiometrically determine the activity coefficient of the Cl Ϫ ion in alkaline solutions that simulate a concrete inner-pore solution. These data may be useful for those studying the interactions of the Cl Ϫ ion with reinforced concrete (e.g., chloride binding or adsorption or the determination of free Cl Ϫ -ion-content thresholds to induce steel corrosion).…”

Solution Equilibria. A Unified Mathematical Treatment of Potentiometric and Polarographic Data in a Metal-Ligand Equilibrium Study at a Fixed Ligand to Metal Ratio and Various pH Values

“…An interest in ISE and more generally in ion sensors is substantial and the literature devoted to it is very rich [21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. ISE are still frequently used in the determination of stability constants [28][29][30][31][32][33][34] and with recent improvements and extension of the linear response of ISE [27,35,36] they seem to be an attractive option in the field of the metal-ligand equilibrium study.…”