Theory and application of TTFields in newly diagnosed glioblastoma

Abstract

BackgroundGlioblastoma is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults. TTFields is a therapy that use intermediate‐frequency and low‐intensity alternating electric fields to treat tumors. For patients with ndGBM, the addition of TTFields after the concurrent chemoradiotherapy phase of the Stupp regimen can improve prognosis. However, TTFields still has the potential to further prolong the survival of ndGBM patients.AimBy summarizing the mechanism and application status of TTFields in the treatment of ndGBM, the application prospect of TTFields in ndbm treatment is prospected.MethodsWe review the recent literature and included 76 articles to summarize the mechanism of TTfields in the treatment of ndGBM. The current clinical application status and potential health benefits of TTFields in the treatment of ndGBM are also discussed.ResultsTTFields can interfere with tumor cell mitosis, lead to tumor cell apoptosis and increased autophagy, hinder DNA damage repair, induce ICD, activate tumor immune microenvironment, reduce cancer cell metastasis and invasion, and increase BBB permeability. TTFields combines with chemoradiotherapy has made progress, its optimal application time is being explored and the problems that need to be considered when retaining the electrode patches for radiotherapy are further discussed. TTFields shows potential in combination with immunotherapy, antimitotic agents, and PARP inhibitors, as well as in patients with subtentorial gliomas.ConclusionThis review summarizes mechanisms of TTFields in the treatment of ndGBM, and describes the current clinical application of TTFields in ndGBM. Through the understanding of its principle and application status, we believe that TTFields still has the potential to further prolong the survival of ndGBM patients. Thus,research is still needed to explore new ways to combine TTFields with other therapies and optimize the use of TTFields to realize its full potential in ndGBM patients.

Revolutionizing Brain Tumor Care: Emerging Technologies and Strategies

“…These fields interfere with cell division (mitosis), inducing cell death or inhibiting tumor growth. Moreover, TTFields induce immunogenic cell death (ICD), activate the tumor immune microenvironment, and reduce metastasis and invasion while enhancing BBB permeability [ 139 ].…”

“…TTFields therapy also impedes DNA damage repair, enhancing its effectiveness when combined with other antitumor methods [ 139 ]. It induces immunogenic cell death, activates various immune cells, and reduces metastasis and invasion by downregulating cytokines and disrupting primary cilia [ 144 ].…”