Theory and application of ground freezing in civil engineering

Jessberger, H L

doi:10.1016/0165-232x(80)90003-8

Cited by 46 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…According to an extensive study on hysteresis models for SWCCs , however, the measurement of a complete set of hysteretic curves is time consuming and costly, and the choice and mathematical formulation of an adequate hysteresis model, including calibration of the parameters, would require additional considerations beyond the scope of this paper. Because for geotechnical applications of the soil freezing method, for example, in tunneling, the performance of the soil during the freezing phase is generally the relevant aspect for the design of the support measures (see, e.g., ), hysteresis effects are disregarded in this paper.…”

Section: Constitutive Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A three‐phase thermo‐hydro‐mechanical finite element model for freezing soils

Zhou

Meschke

2013

Num Anal Meth Geomechanics

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SUMMARYArtificial ground freezing (AGF) is a commonly used technique in geotechnical engineering for ground improvement such as ground water control and temporary excavation support during tunnel construction in soft soils. The main potential problem connected with this technique is that it may produce heave and settlement at the ground surface, which may cause damage to the surface infrastructure. Additionally, the freezing process and the energy needed to obtain a stable frozen ground may be significantly influenced by seepage flow. Evidently, safe design and execution of AGF require a reliable prediction of the coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical behavior of freezing soils. With the theory of poromechanics, a three-phase finite element soil model is proposed, considering solid particles, liquid water, and crystal ice as separate phases and mixture temperature, liquid pressure, and solid displacement as the primary field variables. In addition to the volume expansion of water transforming into ice, the contribution of the micro-cryo-suction mechanism to the frost heave phenomenon is described in the model using the theory of premelting dynamics. Through fundamental physical laws and corresponding state relations, the model captures various couplings among the phase transition, the liquid transport within the pore space, and the accompanying mechanical deformation. The verification and validation of the model are accomplished by means of selected analyses. An application example is related to AGF during tunnel excavation, investigating the influence of seepage flow on the freezing process and the time required to establish a closed supporting frozen arch. Copyright

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Section: Constitutive Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A three‐phase thermo‐hydro‐mechanical finite element model for freezing soils

Zhou

Meschke

2013

Num Anal Meth Geomechanics

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“…This may lead either to the development of a freezing pressure or the flow of displaced water to surrounding zones without significant pressure development. According to Jessberger [1], freezing pressures between 0.1 and 1.0 MPa can be expected. For the design cross section QS4 a maximum freezing pressure of 0.35 MPa was assumed, based on the hydrological conditions described in the geotechnical report (kvalues ≤ 5 · 10 -4 to ≤ 1 · 10 -4 m/s).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…von den vorliegenden Durchlässigkeiten und der pro Zeiteinheit gefrorenen Wassermenge abhängig. Nach Jessberger [1] kann der resultierende Eisdruck zwischen 0,1 und 1,0 MPa variieren. Dem Bemessungsquerschnitt QS4, der hier behandelt wird, wurde auf Grundlage des geotechnischen Bodengutachtens und der darin beschriebenen hydrologischen Verhältnisse (k-Werte ≤ 5 · 10 -4 bis ≤ 1 · 10 -4 m/s) ein maximaler Eisdruck von 0,35 MPa zugrunde gelegt.…”

Section: Berechnungunclassified

Cross passages in soil – ground freezing, segment application, excavation and displacement monitoring for segmental lining / Querschlagherstellung im Lockermaterial – Vereisung, Tübbingsicherung, Vortrieb und Deformationsauswertung für die Tübbingschale

Strauss¹,

Papakonstantinou²

2013

Geomechanics and Tunnelling

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After more than 30 years of planning, construction of the Biel East city bypass started on 3 December 2007. The biggest challenge of this project was tunnel excavation in a zone of soil‐like material with a length of 2 × 1,000 m, with extremely heterogeneous and variable geological conditions. The main tunnels were excavated by an earth pressure balance machine (diameter 12.56 m), and the cross passages (every 300 m) were constructed by conventional tunnelling methods with shotcrete support. In zones where fully saturated sands prevail (“Alte Schwemmsande”), brine ground freezing techniques were used. In order to prevent overloading of the main tunnels due to freezing pressures, these were supported by a combination of steel frames and dowel pins. Back analyses based on measured displacements of the segmental lining led to the conclusion that freezing pressures did not develop to the extent anticipated under the given ground conditions. Nach über 30‐jähriger Planungsgeschichte erfolgte am 3. Dezember 2007 der Spatenstich zur Umfahrung Biel Ostast. Die größten Herausforderungen stellten die Vortriebsarbeiten im Bereich des Lockermaterials dar. Über eine Strecke von fast 2 × 1.000 m zeigten sich die geologischen Verhältnisse äußerst heterogen und stark wechselhaft. Bei der Herstellung der Haupttunnelröhren kam eine Erddruckschildmaschine (–12,56 m) zum Einsatz. Die in einem Abstand von 300 m angeordneten Querschläge wurden in konventioneller Bauweise mit einer Teilschnittmaschine und Spritzbetonsicherung aufgefahren. In den Bereichen der wassergesättigten Schwemmsande bediente man sich der Bodengefriertechnik, wobei das Solegefrierverfahren zur Anwendung kam. Um die bestehenden Haupttunnelröhren vor einer aus dem Eisdruck entstehenden Überbeanspruchung zu schützen, sah man als Sicherungskonzept eine Kombination aus Schubdübel und Stahlrahmen vor. Rückrechnungen im Hinblick auf die wahrgenommenen Verformungen an der Tübbingschale brachten die Erkenntnis, dass die befürchteten Eisdrücke in der vorherrschenden Geologie nur zu einem geringen Maß auftreten.

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“…where C w represents the hydrothermal capacity; C eq denotes the equivalent volume heat capacity (kJ/(m 3 If the porosity of soil is θ s and the content of water and ice in the pores is θ w and θ i , respectively, then…”

Section: Test Equipment and Similarity Eorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Freezing technology is a construction technique that sends refrigerant into the stratum to form an impervious structure by freezing the water [1]. Because of its adaptability to complex stratum, good water-sealing ability, no pollution, technical maturity, and reliability, it has been widely used in construction [2][3][4][5]. e effects of different factors such as seepage velocity, distance between freezing pipes, refrigerant temperature, and diameter of the frozen pipe were studied by Zhou et al [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study on Influencing Factors of Characteristic Index of Local Horizontal Frozen Body of Double‐Row Pipe under Seepage

Shan

Liu

et al. 2020

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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In order to deeply understand the influence of different factors on the characteristic indicators of the double-row-pipe partial horizontal frozen body in the sand-gravel stratum under the effect of seepage flow, several sets of sand-gravel stratum frozen model tests were carried out based on the similarity theory. The research showed that (1) under the effect of seepage flow, the backwater surface of the horizontal frozen body is in the shape of a quadratic parabolic and the development velocity of the backwater surface is inversely proportional to the square of the freezing time. The influence of seepage velocity on the downstream length and the freezing front development velocity of the backwater surface is stronger than the refrigerant temperature; (2) overlap time of the second row of frozen soil column increases with the increase of the distance between frozen pipes and seepage velocity and decreases with the decrease of the refrigerant temperature. The influence of various factors on the overlap time follows the order as the distance between freezing pipes > seepage velocity > refrigerant temperature. The average development velocity of the upstream surface decreases with the increase of the seepage velocity and the refrigerant temperature and first increases and then decreases with the increase of freezing pipe spacing. The influence of various factors on the average development velocity follows the order as seepage velocity > the distance between freezing pipes > refrigerant temperature. In addition, through the regression analysis, the quantitative relationship between the maximum arrangement spacing of the frozen pipes, the seepage velocity, and the refrigerant temperature was obtained. The research results can provide a basis for large-area partial horizontal freezing construction in Beijing sand-gravel stratum.

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Theory and application of ground freezing in civil engineering

Cited by 46 publications

References 6 publications

A three‐phase thermo‐hydro‐mechanical finite element model for freezing soils

A three‐phase thermo‐hydro‐mechanical finite element model for freezing soils

Cross passages in soil – ground freezing, segment application, excavation and displacement monitoring for segmental lining / Querschlagherstellung im Lockermaterial – Vereisung, Tübbingsicherung, Vortrieb und Deformationsauswertung für die Tübbingschale

Experimental Study on Influencing Factors of Characteristic Index of Local Horizontal Frozen Body of Double‐Row Pipe under Seepage

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