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Form is the vessel of the spirit. The greater its capacity, the greater the spirit needed to fill it. The word 'symphony' designates the largest proportions so far achieved in the realm of instrumental music. Robert Schumann, 'Review of Berlioz: Fantastic Symphony' The quote above from Schumann's famous review of Berlioz's Symphonie Fantastique represents the often poetic language music scholars employ to describe and analyze music. 1 We are able to recognize this poetic language by considering the literal implications of, for example, the opening statement. We might be familiar with versions of this statement if we think of "form" as bodily form. It is a fairly common metaphysical concept that the flesh-and-blood body houses the spirit, soul, mind, and consciousness. The concept, however, is based upon a metaphor, because neither bodily form nor musical form literally holds the spirit within themselves. The metaphor used in the opening statement, of course, is describing musical 5 We can see the multiple interpretations of metaphor by surveying a few recent sources such as
Form is the vessel of the spirit. The greater its capacity, the greater the spirit needed to fill it. The word 'symphony' designates the largest proportions so far achieved in the realm of instrumental music. Robert Schumann, 'Review of Berlioz: Fantastic Symphony' The quote above from Schumann's famous review of Berlioz's Symphonie Fantastique represents the often poetic language music scholars employ to describe and analyze music. 1 We are able to recognize this poetic language by considering the literal implications of, for example, the opening statement. We might be familiar with versions of this statement if we think of "form" as bodily form. It is a fairly common metaphysical concept that the flesh-and-blood body houses the spirit, soul, mind, and consciousness. The concept, however, is based upon a metaphor, because neither bodily form nor musical form literally holds the spirit within themselves. The metaphor used in the opening statement, of course, is describing musical 5 We can see the multiple interpretations of metaphor by surveying a few recent sources such as
To aid in the materials selection of gas control valves, the solid particle erosion behaviour of twelve metals was investigated using impinging jets of magnetite particles. The erosion rates were measured for two different particle sizes, two different velocities, and six different impingement angles. Scanning electron micrography and EDX (Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis) mapping was used to investigate the erosion mechanisms and the extent of particle embedding. There was no measurable erosion for the Tungsten Carbide samples, even for very long exposure times. For nickel plated steel, the plating was found to delaminate, resulting in a brittle erosive response. For all other tested materials, the measured erosion rates and scanning electron micrographs indicated a ductile erosion mechanism under all conditions considered. The erosion rates were found to fit a semi-empirical erosion model due to Oka et al. [1] well. The most erosion resistant materials were found to be the Solid tungsten carbide (WC) and Solid Stellite 12 and the least erosion resistant materials were A1018 carbon steel nickel plated and A240 Type 410 stainless steel plate. With all other conditions being equal, a larger erosion rate was measured when utilizing the smaller particles, than when the large particles were used. This counter-intuitive result was demonstrated to be due to a combination of effects, including the formation of thicker hardened layer more embedded particles, and more particle fragmentation when utilizing the larger particles.
In this paper, we studied joint sparse beamforming and power control for network-assisted full duplex (NAFD) in a large-scale distributed antenna system (L-DAS), where the remote antenna units are operating in either half-duplex mode or fullduplex mode and are all connected to the central processing unit (CPU) via high-speed backhaul links. With joint processing at the CPU, NAFD can achieve truly flexible duplex, including flexible half-duplex and full-duplex modes. Cross-link interference and finite-capacity backhaul are the main problems of NAFD in an L-DAS. To solve these problems, we aim to maximize the aggregated uplink and downlink rates subject to quality-ofservice constraints and backhaul constraints. Two approaches have been proposed to solve the optimization problem, where the first approach converts the objective function to the difference of two convex functions with semi-definite relaxation (SDR), and then, an iterative SDR-block coordinate descent method is applied to solve the problem. The second method is based on sequential parametric convex approximation. Simulation results have shown that the proposed algorithms yield a higher rate gain compared to the traditional time-division duplex scheme.Index Terms-sparse beamforming, power control, networkassisted full duplex, Large-scale DAS (L-DAS), semi-definite relaxation-block coordinate descent (SDR-BCD), sequential parametric convex approximation (SPCA).
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