Theorizing Moral Cognition: Culture in Action, Situations, and Relationships

Luft, Aliza

doi:10.1177/2378023120916125

Cited by 51 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 136 publications

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“…Climate change decision-makers at all scales will increasingly make decisions in and about new and uncertain situations. Sociological studies have shown that alongside moral identity (Stets and Carter, 2012;Shadnam, 2020), social relationships and changes in situations shape moral judgements and behaviour (Luft, 2020). When faced with unfamiliar situations, people do not revert to the unconscious moral intuitions used in normal day-to-day situations.…”

Section: Morals As Relational Situated and Dynamicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morals and climate decision-making: insights from social and behavioural sciences

Lau

Song

Morrison

et al. 2021

Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability

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Decisions about climate change are inherently moral. They require making moral judgements about important values and the desired state of the present and future world. Hence there are potential benefits in explaining climate action by integrating well-established and emerging knowledge on the role of morality in decision-making. Insights from the social and behavioural sciences can help ground climate change decisions in empirical understandings of how moral values and worldviews manifest in people and societies. Here, we provide an overview of progress in research on morals in the behavioural and social sciences, with an emphasis on empirical research. We highlight the role morals play in motivating and framing climate decisions; outline work describing morals as relational, situated, and dynamic; and review how uneven power dynamics between people and groups with multiple moralities shape climate decision-making. Effective and fair climate decisions require practical understandings of how morality manifests to shape decisions and action. To this end, we aim to better connect insights from social and behavioural scholarship on morality with realworld climate change decision-making.

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Section: Morals As Relational Situated and Dynamicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morals and climate decision-making: insights from social and behavioural sciences

Lau

Song

Morrison

et al. 2021

Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability

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“…The theoretical utility of analysing tests is rooted in the sociology of critical capacity that asserts that the human capacity to agree, dispute, or criticise is central to social relationships (Boltanski & Thévenot, 1999). Difficult questions about morality and moral judgements in challenging times, and how they affect actions and relationships, have been central to the COVID-19 crisis (Luft, 2020). By wrapping this analysis around the moment of a test, as well as paying attention to critical moments whereby value frameworks are questioned, this paper aims to be theoretically generative for contributing to ongoing research on the institutional work around elite transnational education's maintenance and disruption (Dansou & Langley, 2012).…”

Section: Tests Critical Capacities and Changing Regimes Of Student Mobilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing elite transnational education and contesting orders of worth in the face of a pandemic

2021

Educational Review

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This paper considers the COVID-19 pandemic as a test that has disrupted the flow of a particular type of social and physical mobility. It takes pathways embarked upon by students from Asian countries to "prestigious" anglophone universities as its focal point of analysis, considering how the residential, consecratory experience of attending elite institutions has been disrupted when universities go virtual or as students are prevented from travelling to their university's country destination. Building theoretically on the sociology of conventions and testing, I analyse public institutional responses at the commencement of the outbreak from elite universities in the US and the UK, which have hosted large numbers of students from Asian countries in past decades. This paper focuses on how these universities responded to international students under conditions of uncertainty, examining how they justify their role, purpose and operations, while canvassing for continued support from this student segment. The findings highlight contesting orders of worth between states and institutions, as clashes between market, civic and domestic regimes exert significant pressures on organisational efforts to coordinate and cope during this critical moment, thereby raising questions about how prevailing logics of elite transnational education have been altered in the face of a pandemic.

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“…In response to this article's research question regarding building a model of economic action that incorporates both moral and self-interested decision-making, I turn to work in neuroscience that grounds dual-process models in empirical work on neural processes. This is crucial because as with behavioral economics, dual-process models in neuroscience have been largely overlooked in sociology (Luft 2020;Vila-Henninger 2015, 2020b, 2021b.…”

Section: Dual-process Model Of Outcomes From Neurosciencementioning

confidence: 99%

A Dual‐Process Model of Economic Behavior: Using Culture and Cognition, Economic Sociology, Behavioral Economics, and Neuroscience to Reconcile Moral and Self‐Interested Economic Action*

Vila‐Henninger

2021

Sociological Forum

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Synthesizing theory and findings from across neoclassical economics, behavioral economics, economic sociology, culture and cognition, and neuroscience, I create a dual-process model of economic behavior that explains both self-interested and moral decision-making. The core of this model is from neuroscience (Crockett 2013;Cushman 2013;Greene 2017;Lockwood et al. 2020). In my model, Type I and Type II processes exist relative to socially learned outcomes and causal models for achieving these outcomes. For Type I cognition, nondeclarative strategies for how to achieve an outcome are learned through life experience and automatically generate "gut feelings" about how to accomplish a given outcome. Type II cognition is deliberation based on declarative memory of the process through which one must act to obtain an outcome. Type II cognition also deliberates between Type I and Type II inputs for how to reach an outcome. This model allows for goals, and strategies to achieve goals, to be learned socially-therefore allowing for actors to learn moral and/or selfinterested economic goals and strategies through social interaction. This model can be used across economic sociology, cultural sociology, and the sociology of morality because it advances current models of selfinterested decision-making and moral judgment. Furthermore, this article is a bridge between behavioral economics and sociology, as well as between cultural sociology and economic sociology that can help foster collaboration by providing a common model of behavior.

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Theorizing Moral Cognition: Culture in Action, Situations, and Relationships

Cited by 51 publications

References 136 publications

Morals and climate decision-making: insights from social and behavioural sciences

Morals and climate decision-making: insights from social and behavioural sciences

Testing elite transnational education and contesting orders of worth in the face of a pandemic

A Dual‐Process Model of Economic Behavior: Using Culture and Cognition, Economic Sociology, Behavioral Economics, and Neuroscience to Reconcile Moral and Self‐Interested Economic Action*

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