Theories on the Pathogenesis of Endometriosis

Nap, Annemiek W.

doi:10.1002/9781444398519.ch5

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 150 publications

(61 reference statements)

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“…Similar hypothesis is proposed as one of the main reasons for development of endometriosis in women. 23 Cysts in dogs were encapsulated by thick wall (fibrous capsule with or without smooth muscle layer) which could have limited the escape of luminal contents leading to formation of large cysts. In contrast, peritoneal lesions in women appear as red, black, or white lesions based on the extent of vascularization and age of lesion, red being an initial vascularized lesion and white corresponding to an aged, devascularized lesion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a domestic animal model for endometriosis: Surgical induction in the dog, pigs, and sheep

Varughese

Adams

Leonardi

et al. 2018

Journal of Endometriosis and Pelvic Pain Disorders

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Background: Endometriosis affects one in ten women of reproductive age but it is diagnosed at advanced stages. Our objective was to develop a domestic animal model that would permit sequential assessment of endometriotic changes. Materials and methods: Surgical transplantation of endometrial tissue and fat (n = 4 grafts/tissue/animal) was done in dogs (n = 5), pigs (n = 4), and sheep (n = 5). Autologous grafts were sutured to the visceral (urinary bladder in dogs and pigs and uterus in sheep) and parietal peritoneum. Sham surgeries were performed (dogs and sheep n = 5 and pigs n = 3) by placing fat grafts alone. Plasma estrogen and progesterone concentration was performed prior to surgery and weekly following surgery until euthanasia. Animals were euthanized between 80 and 110 days after surgery. Gross and histopathologic features of endometriotic lesions were recorded. Results: A variety of lesions from transplanted endometrial grafts included endometriotic cysts, vesicles, solid lesions, or absence of lesions. The proportion of cysts was greater (p < 0.01) in dogs (18/20 grafts) than in pigs (5/16) and sheep (5/20). The area of endometriotic lesions at the time of euthanasia was greater than at the time of surgery in dogs (0.89 ± 0.11 cm 2 vs 0.50 ± 0.09 cm 2 ; p < 0.05), whereas, the size of lesions decreased (p < 0.05) by half or more in pigs and sheep. In dogs, endometrial cysts were characterized by simple cuboidal/columnar epithelium, endometrial glands, stromal tissue with hemorrhage and/or hemosiderin-laden macrophages, and smooth muscle cells. Conclusion: The development of endometriotic cysts was apparent in dogs than in sheep and pigs. Therefore, dog is a better domestic animal model for endometriosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a domestic animal model for endometriosis: Surgical induction in the dog, pigs, and sheep

Varughese

Adams

Leonardi

et al. 2018

Journal of Endometriosis and Pelvic Pain Disorders

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“…However, endometrial cells may grow ectopically by moving through the fallopian tube. Many theories have been proposed to explain the pathological mechanism underlying this disease (22). Emerging evidence suggests that many factors, including immune cells, adhesion molecules, extracellular matrix metalloproteinases and pro-inflammatory cytokines shape the environment for survival, adhesion and differentiation of ectopic endometrial cells (23,24).…”

Section: Circrnas In Endometriosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Current and Future Roles of Circular RNAs in Normal and Pathological Endometrium

Yang

Chen

et al. 2021

Front. Endocrinol.

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The uterine endometrium, which lines the mammalian uterus, is essential for embryo implantation. This lining undergoes significant changes during sexual and menstrual cycles. The endometrium is also associated with hormone-related diseases such as endometriosis and endometrial cancer. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play a role in various biological processes. Recent studies have determined that circRNAs function in both normal and pathological endometrial environments. Here, we review high-throughput studies pertaining to circRNAs as well as individual circRNAs active in the endometrium, in order to explore the myriad functions of circRNAs in the endometrium and mechanisms underlying these functions, from panoramic and individual perspectives. Owing to their abundant expression, stability, and small size, circRNAs have displayed potential usefulness as diagnostic markers and treatment targets for endometrial-related diseases. Therefore, the specific role of circRNAs in the endometrium warrants systematic investigation in the future.

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“…Sampson proposed that fragments of menstrual endometrium can pass backward through the fallopian tubes, implant on peritoneal surfaces and persist there (4, 5). Another hypothesis postulates that the disease may develop in situ either via the coelomic metaplasia of the coelomic membranes covering the ovaries and the peritoneum forming typical endometrial glands and stroma, or through an aberrant migration of the Mullerian ducts during embryogenesis that eventually undergo metaplasia (5, 6). Whatever it is the cellular origin of endometriosis, other factors need to be claimed to explain the different predisposition of women to these phenomena or to the pathologic consequences of these phenomena.…”

Section: The Still-lacking Consensus On the Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Unravelling the Ovarian Endometrioma Pathogenesis: “The Long and Winding Road” across the Various Theories

Viganò

Vanni

Corti

et al. 2013

Journal of Endometriosis and Pelvic Pain Disorders

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Controversy exists regarding the pathogenesis of endometriotic ovarian cysts. Different and complex theories have been proposed over the years since the description of chocolate cysts by Sampson in 1921. We have herein reviewed findings in support and against the most widely accepted theories. According to the theory of Hughesdson and Brosens, a prerequisite for endometrioma formation seems to be the inversion and progressive invagination of the ovarian cortex after the accumulation of menstrual debris derived from bleeding of superficial endometriotic implants, which are located on the ovarian surface and adherent to the peritoneum. Disproving the metaplasia hypothesis put forward by Donnez and coworkers and supporting the involvement of the ovulation process in the development of ovarian endometriosis, Vercellini and colleagues have recently demonstrated that a cystic corpus luteum may be a transitory step toward endometrioma formation. As these theories are not able to explain the various aspects of endometrioma formation fully, the possibility that the coelomic metaplasia of the ovarian mesothelium with changes into typical endometrial glands and stroma might be responsible for the endometrioma formation cannot be totally ruled out. Further research is needed to clearly elucidate the pathogenetic aspects of endometriotic ovarian cysts.

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Theories on the Pathogenesis of Endometriosis

Cited by 8 publications

References 150 publications

Development of a domestic animal model for endometriosis: Surgical induction in the dog, pigs, and sheep

Development of a domestic animal model for endometriosis: Surgical induction in the dog, pigs, and sheep

Current and Future Roles of Circular RNAs in Normal and Pathological Endometrium

Unravelling the Ovarian Endometrioma Pathogenesis: “The Long and Winding Road” across the Various Theories

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