Theories of emotion causation: A review

Moors, Agnes

doi:10.1080/02699930802645739

Cited by 310 publications

(228 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…Appraisal theories of emotion (Moors et al, 2013;Moors, 2009;Scherer, Schorr, & Johnstone, 2001) also postulate that common mechanisms underlie the large variety of emotions. However, unlike the other theories, appraisal theories propose that the determining factor is the appraised relevance of the stimulus with respect to the organism's current concerns (Frijda, 1988;.…”

Section: Attentional Bias For Positive Stimuli and Theories Of Emotionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to this model, the amygdala is the key structure orchestrating the arousal-modulatory influence on attention: Involved in both high arousing positive and negative stimuli (Anderson et al, 2003), the amygdala modulates the enhanced perceptual processing underlying the attentional bias (Anderson & Phelps, 2001). Therefore, according to this model, positive stimuli modulate attention only if they are high on the arousal dimension.Appraisal theories of emotion (Moors et al, 2013;Moors, 2009;Scherer, Schorr, & Johnstone, 2001) also postulate that common mechanisms underlie the large variety of emotions. However, unlike the other theories, appraisal theories propose that the determining factor is the appraised relevance of the stimulus with respect to the organism's current concerns (Frijda, 1988;.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Attentional bias for positive emotional stimuli: A meta-analytic investigation.

Pool

Brosch

Delplanque

et al. 2016

Psychological Bulletin

276

249

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Despite an initial focus on negative threatening stimuli, researchers have more recently expanded the investigation of attentional biases toward positive rewarding stimuli. The present meta-analysis systematically compared attentional bias for positive compared with neutral visual stimuli across 243 studies (N ϭ 9,120 healthy participants) that used different types of attentional paradigms and positive stimuli. Factors were tested that, as postulated by several attentional models derived from theories of emotion, might modulate this bias. Overall, results showed a significant, albeit modest (Hedges' g ϭ .258), attentional bias for positive as compared with neutral stimuli. Moderator analyses revealed that the magnitude of this attentional bias varied as a function of arousal and that this bias was significantly larger when the emotional stimulus was relevant to specific concerns (e.g., hunger) of the participants compared with other positive stimuli that were less relevant to the participants' concerns. Moreover, the moderator analyses showed that attentional bias for positive stimuli was larger in paradigms that measure early, rather than late, attentional processing, suggesting that attentional bias for positive stimuli occurs rapidly and involuntarily. Implications for theories of emotion and attention are discussed.Keywords: attentional bias, positive emotion, reward, emotional theories, attention Emotions guide behavior (e.g., approach or avoidance), modulate many cognitive processes (e.g., memory and decision making), and signal the presence of important events in the environment . When several stimuli compete for access to the limited attentional resources of an individual, a bias toward emotional stimuli allows efficient detection of these events and rapid preparation of adaptive reactions (Pourtois, Schettino, & Vuilleumier, 2013). Attentional bias for emotional stimuli has attracted considerable interest in neuroscience (Vuilleumier, 2005) and psychology (Van Bockstaele et al., 2014;Yiend, 2010). Initially, experimental research in both fields mainly focused on the negative emotion of fear. Indeed, fear was one of the first emotions investigated in an experimental setting in neuroscience through fear conditioning in rodents (see LeDoux, 1996). The earliest investigations in human research tried to extend these findings with the use of fear-relevant stimuli such as faces expressing fear or anger (Mogg & Bradley, 1998;Vuilleumier, Armony, Driver, & Dolan, 2001). In addition, a large corpus of studies investigated attentional bias for threatening stimuli in healthy participants, as well as in participants experiencing a variety of anxiety disorders (for an encompassing meta-analysis on anxious and nonanxious participants, see Bar-Haim, Lamy, Pergamin, Bakermans-Kranenburg, & van IJzendoorn, 2007).Despite this initial focus on threatening stimuli, researchers have more recently expanded the investigation of attentional biases to rewarding stimuli. In the last decade, the topic of attentional bias for these...

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Section: Attentional Bias For Positive Stimuli and Theories Of Emotionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Attentional bias for positive emotional stimuli: A meta-analytic investigation.

Pool

Brosch

Delplanque

et al. 2016

Psychological Bulletin

276

249

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Attentional deployment towards or away from an emotion-eliciting stimulus is thought to indirectly influence appraisal processes [29,36,67]. A small body of research attests to the role of reappraisal and attention with respect to intrapersonal pain experience [46,77].…”

Section: The Role Of Emotion Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Likewise, the connection between emotion and motivation is articulated by well-established appraisal theories of emotion, which suggest that emotions occur when stimuli are appraised as relevant to and/or (in)congruent with a central goal or concern [29,55,67]. Once pain is appraised as incongruent with goals of physical integrity, emotional responses --comprising cognitive changes (e.g., increased vigilance), action tendencies (e.g., defensive preparation), somatic responses (e.g., focal brain activity), expressive behaviour (e.g., facial expression), and subjective feeling (e.g., of fear) --engender behavioural efforts (e.g., pain control behaviour such as escape) to facilitate desired goal states (restoring/protecting physical integrity) and optimize adjustment to environmental demands [29,45,55,67]. In this way, the IASP definition of pain recognizes the lack of absolute correspondence between pain and tissue damage, noting that pain experience is necessarily appraised as harmful/threatening to physical integrity.…”

Section: The Relationship Between Emotion and Motivation In Painmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining Affective-Motivational Dynamics and Behavioral Implications Within The Interpersonal Context of Pain

Vervoort

Trost

2017

The Journal of Pain

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“…In contemporary emotion theories, emotions are often defined as multicomponential phenomena, consisting of (a) a cognitive component or appraisal of the situation, (b) a motivational component or action tendency, (c) a somatic component or (neuro)physiological responses, (d) a motor component or expressive behavior, and (e) a feeling component or subjective experience (Frijda, Kuipers, & ter Schure, 1989;Moors, 2009;Roseman, 2001;Scherer, 2005). The feeling component is considered a reflection of the other components (appraisal, action tendencies, physiology, and/or behavior) in consciousness (de Rivera, 1977;Scherer, 2005;Sonnemans & Frijda, 1994).…”

Section: Exploring the Relations Between Regret Self-agency And Thementioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Relations between Regret, Self-agency, and the Tendency to Repair Using Experimental Methods and Structural Equation Modeling

2014

Self Cite

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Psychology, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium. Email: Evelien.Bossuyt@Ugent.be.Telephone: 0032 (0)9 264 91 05. Fax: 0032 (0)9 264 64 89 2 AbstractPrevious studies suggest that feelings of regret are elicited by events appraised as goal incongruent and caused by the self and that they are characterized by a tendency to repair the event. Study 1 investigated whether the appraisal of self-agency increases the tendency to repair.Participants played a game in which goal-congruent and goal-incongruent events were caused by themselves (self-agency) or by a die (circumstances-agency). The tendency to repair was measured via behavior and self-reports. Self-agency increased feelings of regret but not the tendency to repair. Moreover, our data rejected the idea that regret is more than other negative feelings associated with the tendency to repair. Study 2 confirmed the findings of Study 1 using autobiographical recall. Both studies provide support for a relation between self-agency and feelings of regret, but not between self-agency and the tendency to repair nor between the tendency to repair and feelings of regret.

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Theories of emotion causation: A review

Cited by 310 publications

References 90 publications

Attentional bias for positive emotional stimuli: A meta-analytic investigation.

Attentional bias for positive emotional stimuli: A meta-analytic investigation.

Examining Affective-Motivational Dynamics and Behavioral Implications Within The Interpersonal Context of Pain

Exploring the Relations between Regret, Self-agency, and the Tendency to Repair Using Experimental Methods and Structural Equation Modeling

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