Theoretical Study of the Structure of Adenosine Deaminase Complexes with Adenosine Analogues: I. Aza-, Deaza-, and Isomeric Azadeazaanalogues of Adenosine

Abstract

The conformational models of the active site of adenosine deaminase (ADA) and its complexes in the basic state with adenosine and 13 isosteric analogues of the aza, deaza, and azadeaza series were constructed. The optimization of the conformational energy of the active site and the nucleoside bound with it in the complex was achieved in the force field of the whole enzyme (the 1ADD structure was used) within the molecular mechanics model using the AMBER 99 potentials. The stable conformational states of each of the complexes, as well as the optimal conformation of the ADA in the absence of ligand, were determined. It was proved that the conformational state that is close to the structure of the ADA complex with 1-deazaadenosine (1ADD) known from the X-ray study corresponds to one of the local minima of the potential surface. Another, a significantly deeper minimum was determined; it differs from the first minimum by the mutual orientation of side chains of amino acid residues. A similar conformational state is optimal for the ADA active site in the absence of the bound ligand. A qualitative correlation exists between the values of potential energies of the complexes in this conformation and the enzymatic activity of ADA toward the corresponding nucleosides. The dynamics of conformational conversions of the active site after the binding of substrate or its analogues, as well as the possibility of the estimation of the inhibitory properties of nucleosides on the basis of calculations, are discussed.

Investigations into the Origin of the Molecular Recognition of Several Adenosine Deaminase Inhibitors

“…Three dimensional structures of complexes of ADA with various inhibitors have been deciphered by crystallographic, − computational, − and NMR studies , as well as mutagenesis analysis. − Yet, knowledge about the stereoelectronic and conformational requirements of ADA substrates and inhibitors is still not comprehensive.…”

“…Product was obtained in a 23% yield (333.4 mg). 1 (46). (2R,3R,4R,5R)-2-(Benzoyloxymethyl)-5-(7-chloro-5-(hexylthio)-3H- [1,2,3]triazolo [4,5-d]pyrimidin-3-yl)-tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diyl dibenzoate, 44, (940 mg, 1.32 mmol) was dissolved in dried ethanol (30 mL), and NaOAc (100 mg) was added.…”

“…Product was obtained in a 23% yield (333.4 mg). 1 H NMR (CDCl 3 , 300 MHz) δ: 8.15-7.97 (m, 3H, Bz), 7.6 (m, 5H, Bn), 7.43 (m, 6H, Bz) 7.39-7.36 (m, 6H, Bz), 6.81 (d, J = 2.7 Hz, 1H, H1 0 ), 6.6 (dd, J = 5.4, 2.7 Hz, 1H, H2 0 ), 6.43 (dd, J = 6.6, 5.4 Hz,1H, H3 0 ), 4.97 (ddd, J = 6.6, 5.4, 4 Hz, 1H, H4 (46). (2R,3R,4R,5R)-2-(Benzoyloxymethyl)-5-(7chloro-5-(hexylthio)-3H- [1,2,3]triazolo [4,5-d]pyrimidin-3-yl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diyl dibenzoate, 44, (940 mg, 1.32 mmol) was dissolved in dried ethanol (30 mL), and NaOAc (100 mg) was added.…”